Psychometric Analyses of the Indian (Hindi) Version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CPQ11–14 Items | Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
Pain in teeth, lips, jaws or mouth | 0.62 | |||
Bleeding gums | 0.45 | |||
Food stuck to the roof of the mouth | 0.52 | |||
Taken longer than others to eat a meal | 0.52 | |||
Trouble sleeping | 0.61 | |||
Difficult to bite or chew food like apples, corn on the cob or steak | 0.59 | |||
Difficult to open your mouth wide | 0.54 | |||
Difficult to say any words | 0.57 | |||
Difficult to eat foods you would like to eat | 0.53 | |||
Difficult to drink with a straw | 0.53 | |||
Difficult to drink or eat hot or cold foods | 0.50 | |||
Irritable/frustrated | 0.42 | |||
Felt unsure of yourself | 0.53 | |||
Shy/embarrassed | 0.60 | |||
Concerned with what other people think | 0.61 | |||
Worried that is less attractive than other people | 0.66 | |||
Upset | 0.56 | |||
Worried that is less healthy than other people | 0.47 | |||
Missed school because of pain, appointment or surgery | 0.40 | |||
Had a hard time paying attention in school | 0.60 | |||
Had difficulty doing your homework | 0.55 | |||
Not wanted to speak/read out loud in class | 0.56 | |||
Not wanted/been unable to participate in sports, clubs | 0.69 | |||
Not wanted to talk to other children | 0.63 | |||
Avoided smiling/laughing when around other children | 0.46 | |||
Had difficulty playing a musical instrument such as a recorder, flute, clarinet, trumpet | 0.57 | |||
Not wanted to spend time with other children | 0.55 | |||
Argued with other children or your family | 0.45 | |||
Teased/called names by other children | 0.50 | |||
Left out by other children | 0.68 | |||
Asked questions about your teeth, lips, jaws or mouth by other children | 0.51 |
CPQ11–14 Subscales | Number of Items | Cronbach’s Alpha | ICC |
---|---|---|---|
Oral symptoms, eating difficulties and school activities | 12 | 0.82 | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) |
Social wellbeing | 9 | 0.81 | 0.90 (0.85–0.94) |
Emotional wellbeing | 6 | 0.76 | 0.89 (0.82–0.93) |
Functional limitations | 4 | 0.59 | 0.90 (0.84–0.94) |
CPQ11–14 overall scale | 31 | 0.90 | 0.91 (0.85–0.95) |
Items | Oral Symptoms, Eating Difficulties and School Activities | Social Wellbeing | Emotional Wellbeing | Functional Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral symptoms, eating difficulties and school activities | Pain in teeth, lips, jaws or mouth | 0.65 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.20 ** |
Bleeding gums | 0.54 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.20 ** | |
Food stuck to roof of mouth | 0.59 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.28 ** | |
Taken longer than others to eat a meal | 0.60 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.27 ** | |
Trouble sleeping | 0.59 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.32 ** | |
Difficult to bite or chew food like apples, corn on the cob or steak | 0.64 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.27 ** | |
Difficult to eat foods you would like to eat | 0.60 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.33 ** | |
Difficult to drink or eat hot or cold foods | 0.57 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.21 ** | |
Irritable/frustrated | 0.61 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.47 ** | 0.38 ** | |
Missed school because of pain, appointment or surgery | 0.40 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.13* | 0.25 ** | |
Had hard time paying attention in school | 0.63 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.26 ** | |
Had difficulty doing your homework | 0.61 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.32 ** | |
Social wellbeing | Not wanted to speak/read out loud in class | 0.27 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.20 ** |
Not wanted/been unable to participate in sports, clubs | 0.29 ** | 0.69 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.25 ** | |
Not wanted to talk to other children | 0.34 ** | 0.65 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.22 ** | |
Avoided smiling/laughing when around other children | 0.28 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.26 ** | |
Had difficulty playing a musical instrument such as a recorder, flute, clarinet, trumpet | 0.32 ** | 0.62 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.35 ** | |
Not wanted to spend time with other children | 0.27 ** | 0.62 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.35 ** | |
Teased/called names by other children | 0.29 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.30 ** | |
Left out by other children | 0.36 ** | 0.72 ** | 0.44 ** | 0.29 ** | |
Asked questions about your teeth, lips, jaws or mouth by other children | 0.41 ** | 0.65 ** | 0.49 ** | 0.34 ** | |
Emotional wellbeing | Shy/embarrassed | 0.39 ** | 0.45 ** | 0.73 ** | 0.34 ** |
Concerned with what other people think | 0.43 ** | 0.46 ** | 0.74 ** | 0.30 ** | |
Worried of being less attractive than other people | 0.32 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.69 ** | 0.21 ** | |
Upset | 0.50 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.68 ** | 0.40 ** | |
Worried of being less healthy than other people | 0.38 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.32 ** | |
Argued with other children or your family | 0.33 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.29 ** | |
Functional limitations | Difficult to open your mouth wide | 0.37 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.38 ** | 0.72 ** |
Difficult to say any words | 0.24 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.67 ** | |
Difficult to drink with a straw | 0.32 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.63 ** | |
Felt unsure of yourself | 0.33 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.65 ** |
Subscales CPQ | Oral Symptoms P-CPQ | Functional Limitations P-CPQ | Emotional Wellbeing P-CPQ | Social Wellbeing P-CPQ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oral symptoms, eating difficulties and school | 0.54 ** | 0.51 ** | 0.41 ** | 0.40 ** |
Social wellbeing | 0.36 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.38 ** | 0.47 ** |
Emotional wellbeing | 0.39 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.39 ** |
Functional limitations | 0.24 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.41 ** |
Variables | Oral Symptoms, Eating Difficulties and School | Social Wellbeing | Emotional Wellbeing | Functional Limitations | Total CPQ11–14 Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | |
Self-rating of oral health | ||||||||||
Good, very good or excellent | −2.19 (0.58) * | −3.33, −1.05 | −0.55 (0.52) | −1.57, 0.47 | −1.31 (0.43) ** | −2.14, −0.47 | −0.12 (0.24) | −0.60, 0.36 | −4.17 (1.32) * | −6.76, −1.58 |
Fair or poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
DMFT | 0.48 (0.29) | −0.09, 1.05 | −0.17 (0.26) | −0.68, 0.35 | −0.004 (0.21) | −0.42, 0.42 | −0.05 (0.12) | −0.29, 0.19 | 0.26 (0.12) | −1.04, 1.56 |
Total P-CPQ Score | 0.2 (0.02) ** | 0.15, 0.24 | 0.14 (0.02) ** | 0.10, 0.18 | 0.12 (0.02) ** | 0.08, 0.15 | 0.06 (0.01) ** | 0.04, 0.08 | 0.52 (0.05) ** | 0.41, 0.61 |
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Tadakamadla, S.K.; Mangal, G.; Quadri, M.F.A.; Nayeem, M.; Tadakamadla, J. Psychometric Analyses of the Indian (Hindi) Version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14). Children 2020, 7, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7100175
Tadakamadla SK, Mangal G, Quadri MFA, Nayeem M, Tadakamadla J. Psychometric Analyses of the Indian (Hindi) Version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14). Children. 2020; 7(10):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7100175
Chicago/Turabian StyleTadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Garima Mangal, Mir Faeq Ali Quadri, Maryam Nayeem, and Jyothi Tadakamadla. 2020. "Psychometric Analyses of the Indian (Hindi) Version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11–14)" Children 7, no. 10: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7100175