Restoration Integrity in Primary Teeth Prepared Using Erbium/Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Randomization
2.4. Sample Size Calculation
2.5. Eligibility Criteria
- Healthy, cooperative patients.
- The patients ranged in age from 9 to 12 years.
- Each patient had at least two active occlusal cavities reaching into the dentine in a primary molar without pulpal involvement (D3 threshold, WHO system).
- No spontaneous pain.
- No dental developmental problems.
- No abscesses, sinuses, or fistulae.
2.6. Treatment Procedure
2.7. Restoration Integrity Evaluation at the One-Year-Follow-Up Visit
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Ryge’s Criteria between Teeth
3.2. Comparison of Ryge’s Criteria within Participants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Clinical Significance
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion/Score | Conventional Method n (%) | Er:YAG Laser Method n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Anatomical form | ||||
0 | Alpha | Restoration is continuous with existing anatomical form. | 27 (100) | 26 (96.3) |
1 | Bravo | Restoration is not continuous with existing anatomical form, but the dentin and base are not exposed. | 0 | 1 (3.7) |
2 | Charlie | The lack of continuity is severe enough that the dentin or base is exposed. | 0 | 0 |
Axial contour | ||||
0 | Alpha | Restoration is continuous with existing anatomical form or is slightly flattened or over contoured. | 24 (88.9) | 26 (96.3) |
1 | Bravo | A tangentially placed explorer cannot touch two opposing Cavo surface line angles simultaneously. | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.7) |
2 | Charlie | The surface is noticeably concave upon visual inspection. A tangentially placed explorer cannot touch two opposing Cavo surface line angles simultaneously. | 0 | 0 |
3 | Delta | The surface is noticeably concave upon visual inspection, and the base or dentin is exposed. It is under-contoured; hence, the tissue trauma is evident. | 0 | 0 |
Marginal contact | ||||
0 | Alpha | No crevice is visible, and the explorer can be drawn across the surface without catching. | 27 (100) | 27 (100) |
1 | Bravo | The crevice is big enough to be visible and for the explorer to catch; however, the dentin and base are not exposed. | 0 | 0 |
2 | Charlie | The crevice is so big that the explorer catches and the dentin or base is exposed. | 0 | 0 |
Marginal discoloration | ||||
0 | Alpha | The color of the margin matches the color of the restoration and/or the adjacent tooth structure. | 25 (92.6) | 22 (81.5) |
1 | Bravo | Discoloration is only present at the junction between the restoration and the tooth; however, it has not continued in the direction of the pulp. | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) |
2 | Charlie | Discoloration begins at the junction between the restoration and the tooth and continues in a pulpal direction. | 0 | 0 |
Secondary caries | ||||
0 | Alpha | No secondary caries along margin. | 24 (88.9) | 24 (88.9) |
1 | Bravo | Secondary caries along margin evident upon visual inspection. | 3 (11.1) | 3 (11.1) |
Visible plaque | ||||
0 | Alpha | No visible dental biofilm. | 26 (96.3) | 26 (96.3) |
1 | Bravo | Dental biofilm visible due to restorations. | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) |
Ryge Criteria | Number of Subjects Where the Restoration of Both Teeth Had the Same Score | Number of Subjects Where the Restoration of the Conventional-Treated Tooth Had Higher (Worse) Score | Number of Subjects Where the Restoration of the Er:YAG Laser-Treated Tooth Had Higher (Worse) Score | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anatomical form | 26 (96.3) | 0 | 1 (3.7) | NA |
Axial contour | 23 (85.2) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.7) | 0.625 |
Marginal contact | 27 (100) | 0 | 0 | NA |
Marginal discoloration | 20 (74.1) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 0.453 |
Secondary caries | 23 (85.2) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (7.4) | 1.00 |
Visible plaque | 27 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
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Abdrabuh, R.; El Meligy, O.; Farsi, N.; Bakry, A.S.; Felemban, O.M. Restoration Integrity in Primary Teeth Prepared Using Erbium/Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study. Children 2023, 10, 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071215
Abdrabuh R, El Meligy O, Farsi N, Bakry AS, Felemban OM. Restoration Integrity in Primary Teeth Prepared Using Erbium/Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study. Children. 2023; 10(7):1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071215
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdrabuh, Raghdah, Omar El Meligy, Najat Farsi, Ahmed Samir Bakry, and Osama M. Felemban. 2023. "Restoration Integrity in Primary Teeth Prepared Using Erbium/Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study" Children 10, no. 7: 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071215