Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85716, USA
Children 2014, 1(3), 390-402; https://doi.org/10.3390/children1030390
Received: 3 June 2014 / Revised: 28 September 2014 / Accepted: 9 October 2014 / Published: 3 November 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Integrative Medicine: An Emerging Field of Pediatrics)
Children who experience early life toxic stress are at risk of long-term adverse health effects that may not manifest until adulthood. This article briefly summarizes the findings in recent studies on toxic stress and childhood adversity following the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Report on the effects of toxic stress. A review of toxic stress and its effects is described, including factors of vulnerability, resilience, and the relaxation response. An integrative approach to the prevention and treatment of toxic stress necessitates individual, community and national focus.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Franke, H.A. Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment. Children 2014, 1, 390-402.
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