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Article

Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats

by
Amandine Robac
1,†,
Pauline Neveu
1,†,
Alizée Hugede
1,
Elisabeth Garrido
1,2,
Lionel Nicol
3,
Quentin Delarue
1 and
Nicolas Guérout
1,*
1
EA3830 GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
2
Department of Neurosurgery, Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
3
Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1096, 76000 Rouen, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(12), 1827; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121827
Submission received: 9 November 2021 / Revised: 30 November 2021 / Accepted: 1 December 2021 / Published: 3 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury)
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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable condition in which the brain is disconnected partially or completely from the periphery. Mainly, SCIs are traumatic and are due to traffic, domestic or sport accidents. To date, SCIs are incurable and, most of the time, leave the patients with a permanent loss of sensitive and motor functions. Therefore, for several decades, researchers have tried to develop treatments to cure SCI. Among them, recently, our lab has demonstrated that, in mice, repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) can, after SCI, modulate the lesion scar and can induce functional locomotor recovery non-invasively. These results are promising; however, before we can translate them to humans, it is important to reproduce them in a more clinically relevant model. Indeed, SCIs do not lead to the same cellular events in mice and humans. In particular, SCIs in humans induce the formation of cystic cavities. That is why we propose here to validate the effects of rTSMS in a rat animal model in which SCI leads to the formation of cystic cavities after penetrating and contusive SCI. To do so, several techniques, including immunohistochemical, behavioral and MRI, were performed. Our results demonstrate that rTSMS, in both SCI models, modulates the lesion scar by decreasing the formation of cystic cavities and by improving axonal survival. Moreover, rTSMS, in both models, enhances functional locomotor recovery. Altogether, our study describes that rTSMS exerts positive effects after SCI in rats. This study is a further step towards the use of this treatment in humans.
Keywords: rehabilitation; spinal cord injury; glial scar; magnetic stimulation; cystic cavities and functional recovery rehabilitation; spinal cord injury; glial scar; magnetic stimulation; cystic cavities and functional recovery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Robac, A.; Neveu, P.; Hugede, A.; Garrido, E.; Nicol, L.; Delarue, Q.; Guérout, N. Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121827

AMA Style

Robac A, Neveu P, Hugede A, Garrido E, Nicol L, Delarue Q, Guérout N. Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(12):1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121827

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robac, Amandine, Pauline Neveu, Alizée Hugede, Elisabeth Garrido, Lionel Nicol, Quentin Delarue, and Nicolas Guérout. 2021. "Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats" Biomedicines 9, no. 12: 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121827

APA Style

Robac, A., Neveu, P., Hugede, A., Garrido, E., Nicol, L., Delarue, Q., & Guérout, N. (2021). Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats. Biomedicines, 9(12), 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121827

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