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Biomedicines
Volume 9
Issue 11
10.3390/biomedicines9111609
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Review

The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review

by
Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
1,2,†,
Fernando Laso-García
1,†,
Iván García-Suárez
1,3,
Luke Diekhorst
1,
Laura Otero-Ortega
1,
María Alonso de Leciñana
1,
Blanca Fuentes
1,
Dolores Piniella
1,
Gerardo Ruiz-Ares
1,‡,
Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
1,*,‡ and
María Gutiérrez-Fernández
1,*,‡
1
Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
2
PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
3
Emergency Service, San Agustín University Hospital, 33401 Avilés, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors share first author position.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(11), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111609
Submission received: 7 October 2021 / Revised: 25 October 2021 / Accepted: 1 November 2021 / Published: 3 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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Abstract

Ultrasound is a noninvasive technique that provides real-time imaging with excellent resolution, and several studies demonstrated the potential of ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke monitoring. However, only a few studies were performed using animal models, of which many showed ultrasound to be a safe and effective tool also in therapeutic applications. The full potential of ultrasound application in experimental stroke is yet to be explored to further determine the limitations of this technique and to ensure the accuracy of translational research. This review covers the current status of ultrasound applied to monitoring and treatment in experimental animal models of stroke and examines the safety, limitations, and future perspectives.
Keywords: animal model; hemorrhagic; ischemic; stroke; ultrasound animal model; hemorrhagic; ischemic; stroke; ultrasound

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gómez-de Frutos, M.C.; Laso-García, F.; García-Suárez, I.; Diekhorst, L.; Otero-Ortega, L.; Alonso de Leciñana, M.; Fuentes, B.; Piniella, D.; Ruiz-Ares, G.; Díez-Tejedor, E.; et al. The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111609

AMA Style

Gómez-de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, García-Suárez I, Diekhorst L, Otero-Ortega L, Alonso de Leciñana M, Fuentes B, Piniella D, Ruiz-Ares G, Díez-Tejedor E, et al. The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(11):1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111609

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gómez-de Frutos, Mari Carmen, Fernando Laso-García, Iván García-Suárez, Luke Diekhorst, Laura Otero-Ortega, María Alonso de Leciñana, Blanca Fuentes, Dolores Piniella, Gerardo Ruiz-Ares, Exuperio Díez-Tejedor, and et al. 2021. "The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review" Biomedicines 9, no. 11: 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111609

APA Style

Gómez-de Frutos, M. C., Laso-García, F., García-Suárez, I., Diekhorst, L., Otero-Ortega, L., Alonso de Leciñana, M., Fuentes, B., Piniella, D., Ruiz-Ares, G., Díez-Tejedor, E., & Gutiérrez-Fernández, M. (2021). The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review. Biomedicines, 9(11), 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111609

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