Thickness of Intraretinal Layers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on a Concomitant Diabetic Neuropathy: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Using Deviation Maps for OCT Data Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Patients and Controls
2.2. Spectral Domain OCT
2.3. Visual Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of T2DM Patients and Patient Subgroups to Controls for TR
3.2. Comparison of All T2DM Patients to Controls for RNFL, GCL and IPL
3.3. Comparison between DNpos T2DM Patients and Controls for RNFL, GCL and IPL
3.4. Comparison between DNneg T2DM Patients and Controls for RNFL, GCL and IPL
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Grid-Based and Map-Based Analyses
4.2. Neurodegenerative Changes in Patients with T2DM
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OCT | Optical coherence tomography |
VA | Visual Analytics |
MA | Deviation map-based analysis |
DevM | Deviation map |
ETDRS | Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study |
GA | ETDRS grid-based analysis |
DM | Diabetes mellitus |
T1DM | Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
DR | Diabetic retinopathy |
DN | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
DNneg | Patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
DNpos | Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
FC | Foveal center |
IMR | Inner macular ring |
OMR | Outer macular ring |
TR | Total thickness of the retina |
RNFL | Retinal nerve fiver layer |
GCL | Ganglion cell layer |
IPL | Inner plexiform layer |
INL | Inner nuclear layer |
MD ± SE | Mean deviation and standard error |
NSS | Neuropathy symptom score |
NDS | Neuropathy deficient score |
cSLO | Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope |
HSD | Honestly significant difference |
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Characteristics | All T2DM Patients (n = 33) | DNpos T2DM Patients (n = 21) | DNneg T2DM Patients (n = 12) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 60.4 ± 12.0 | 64.0 ± 9.0 | 54.0 ± 14.0 |
Gender (male/female) | 21/12 | 15/6 | 6/6 |
Height (cm) | 174 ± 10 | 176 ± 10 | 171 ± 9 |
Weight (kg) | 99.3 ± 21.4 | 101.2 ± 21.4 | 95.9 ± 21.9 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.7 ± 6.3 | 32.5 ± 5.2 | 33.1 ± 8.0 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 ± 16 | 134 ± 18 | 130 ± 10 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 12 | 77 ± 6 |
Duration of DM (yrs) | 13.3 ± 8.8 | 16.0± 9.6 | 8.7 ± 4.5 |
Mean daily insulin dosage (IU/kg) | 0.515 ± 0.323 (n = 30) | 0.516 ± 0.335 (n = 19) | 0.512 ± 0.317 (n = 11) |
HbA1c (%) | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 8.2 ± 0.9 |
Neurologic disability score, NDS (pts) | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 0 |
Neurologic symptom score, NSS (pts) | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 |
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Prakasam, R.K.; Matuszewska-Iwanicka, A.; Fischer, D.-C.; Schumann, H.; Tschöpe, D.; Stratmann, B.; Hettlich, H.-J.; Guthoff, R.F.; Stachs, O.; Röhlig, M. Thickness of Intraretinal Layers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on a Concomitant Diabetic Neuropathy: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Using Deviation Maps for OCT Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070190
Prakasam RK, Matuszewska-Iwanicka A, Fischer D-C, Schumann H, Tschöpe D, Stratmann B, Hettlich H-J, Guthoff RF, Stachs O, Röhlig M. Thickness of Intraretinal Layers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on a Concomitant Diabetic Neuropathy: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Using Deviation Maps for OCT Data Analysis. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(7):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070190
Chicago/Turabian StylePrakasam, Ruby Kala, Aleksandra Matuszewska-Iwanicka, Dagmar-Christiane Fischer, Heidrun Schumann, Diethelm Tschöpe, Bernd Stratmann, Hans-Joachim Hettlich, Rudolf F. Guthoff, Oliver Stachs, and Martin Röhlig. 2020. "Thickness of Intraretinal Layers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on a Concomitant Diabetic Neuropathy: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Using Deviation Maps for OCT Data Analysis" Biomedicines 8, no. 7: 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070190