High Levels of IL-10 and CD4+CD25hi+ Treg Cells in Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Population and Inclusion Criteria
Characteristic | Participants | Significance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malaria Patients (MAL) | eBL Patients | Controls (CON) | CON vs. MAL | CON vs. eBL | eBL vs. MAL | |
Mean (95% CI) | p-Value | |||||
Male # | 14 | 14 | 13 | - | - | - |
Female # | 12 | 7 | 6 | - | - | - |
Mean Age (range, years) | 8.6 (3 to 14) | 6.9 (3 to 11) | 8.7 (5 to 14) | - | - | - |
WBC # | 8.75 | 8.17 | 5.95 | 0.0039 | 0.0017 | 0.5518 |
(×103/μL) | (7.36 to 10.15) | (6.96 to 9.38) | (5.43 to 6.47) | |||
HGB (g/dL) | 11.63 | 10.78 | 12.10 | - | 0.2906 * | - |
(10.9 to 12.3) | (7.7 to 13.9) | (11.5 to 12.7) | ||||
Parasitemia (parasites/μL) | 475 | - | - | - | - | - |
(76 to 9275) |
2.2. Sample Collection and Processing
2.3. Parasitological and Haematological Examinations
2.4. Cell Phenotyping
2.5. Intracellular Cytokine Detection
2.6. In Vitro Stimulation
2.7. Flow Cytometric Acquisition and Analyses
2.8. Measurement of Cytokines by ELISA
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Decrease in Responses by T Cells of eBL Patients
3.3. Th1/Th2 Responses to EBNA-1 in eBL Patients
3.4. High Plasma Level of TNF-α and IL-10 in eBL Patients
3.5. High Frequency of CD4+CD25hi+ Treg Cells in Patients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Futagbi, G.; Gyan, B.; Nunoo, H.; Tetteh, J.K.A.; Welbeck, J.E.; Renner, L.A.; Ofori, M.; Dodoo, D.; Edoh, D.A.; Akanmori, B.D. High Levels of IL-10 and CD4+CD25hi+ Treg Cells in Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma Patients. Biomedicines 2015, 3, 224-236. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines3030224
Futagbi G, Gyan B, Nunoo H, Tetteh JKA, Welbeck JE, Renner LA, Ofori M, Dodoo D, Edoh DA, Akanmori BD. High Levels of IL-10 and CD4+CD25hi+ Treg Cells in Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma Patients. Biomedicines. 2015; 3(3):224-236. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines3030224
Chicago/Turabian StyleFutagbi, Godfred, Ben Gyan, Harriet Nunoo, John K.A. Tetteh, Jennifer E. Welbeck, Lorna Awo Renner, Michael Ofori, Daniel Dodoo, Dominic A. Edoh, and Bartholomew D. Akanmori. 2015. "High Levels of IL-10 and CD4+CD25hi+ Treg Cells in Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma Patients" Biomedicines 3, no. 3: 224-236. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines3030224