Distribution of Thrombophilia-Related Genetic Polymorphisms in Women with Reproductive Disorders

Thrombophilia is considered one of the key mechanisms underlying reproductive disorders. Clinical heterogeneity of reproductive disorders and a lack of stratification by phenotype often limit interpretation. Therefore, evaluating thrombophilia-associated genetic markers separately in fetal loss syndrome, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is essential. Background/Objectives: To assess the frequency of thrombophilia-related genetic polymorphisms in women with various reproductive disorders and evaluate their association with clinical–anamnestic characteristics and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Methods: A total of 132 women with reproductive disorders (fetal loss syndrome, postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia). Results: Statistically significant differences were found when comparing between the groups. Thus, heterozygous F13 genetic polymorphisms were statistically more common in the group with a history of preeclampsia compared to the group with PPH (the G/A genotype was detected in 22.2% versus 10.7%, p = 0.045), and heterozygous ITGA2 gene genetic polymorphisms were also more common (the C/T genotype was detected in 66.7% versus 42.9%, p = 0.023). In women with a history of PPH, homozygous ITGA2 genetic polymorphisms were statistically more common (the T/T genotype was detected 2.6 times more often—21.4% versus 8.8% compared to the group with fetal loss syndrome, p = 0.022; and 3.8 times more often—21.4% versus 5.6% compared to the group with PE, p = 0.022). Conclusions: A study of thrombophilia gene polymorphisms in women with reproductive disorders showed that the G/A genotype of F13, the C/T genotype of ITGA2, and the A/G genotype of MTR:2756 were significantly more common in women with preeclampsia than in the group with postpartum hemorrhage; the T/T genotype of the ITGA2 gene was detected in postpartum hemorrhage. The MTHFR 1286A > C (A/C) polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of postpartum hemorrhage. In contrast, the MTR 2756A > G (A/G) genotype was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.