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Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071708 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 May 2025
/
Revised: 10 July 2025
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Accepted: 11 July 2025
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Published: 13 July 2025
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most representative autoimmune diseases. The peculiarity of this disease is synovial inflammation, which results in joint destruction and often disability. Although there are still several pathogenetic mechanisms to be clarified, lately, most studies have highlighted the involvement of mitochondria in the onset and progression of the disease. Mitochondrial functions are connected to many metabolic processes and the delivery of proinflammatory mediators. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the physiopathology of RA, contributing to chronic inflammation, cartilage and bone injury and chronic autoimmune response. Mitochondrial activity influences many aspects of the disease that will be discussed in terms of their correlation with the onset and persistence of RA, starting from mitochondrial dynamics up to bone homeostasis, passing through DAMPs and affecting immune cell functionality. Recent therapeutic approaches aim to improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, modulate mitochondria-mediated inflammation and restore energy metabolism homeostasis.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Iaconis, A.; Molinari, F.; Fusco, R.; Di Paola, R.
Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1708.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071708
AMA Style
Iaconis A, Molinari F, Fusco R, Di Paola R.
Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(7):1708.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071708
Chicago/Turabian Style
Iaconis, Antonella, Francesco Molinari, Roberta Fusco, and Rosanna Di Paola.
2025. "Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease" Biomedicines 13, no. 7: 1708.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071708
APA Style
Iaconis, A., Molinari, F., Fusco, R., & Di Paola, R.
(2025). Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease. Biomedicines, 13(7), 1708.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071708
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