Introducing a Novel Paper Point Method for Isolated Apical Sampling—The Controlled Apical Sampling Device: A Methodological Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Development and Functionality of the Prototype
2.2. Creation of the 3D Model
2.3. Bacteria
2.4. Test Procedure
2.5. Inoculation
2.6. Sampling
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. CAPS Prototype
4.2. Sampling Process
4.3. Conventional Sampling Methods
4.4. Bacterial Colonization
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CAPS | Controlled apical sampling |
MAP | Micro-Apical Placement |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
NaCl | Sodium chloride |
PC | Positive control (NaCl control) |
P0 | Sterility control of the 3D tooth model |
P1A | Apical sample applied directly to agar plate |
P1B | Apical sample after vortexing in saline solution and plating |
P2 | Contamination control sample (E. coli detection from root canal) |
S0 | Sterility control of the prototype device |
VDW | Variable Drehmoment Werkstofftechnik (Manufacturer of endodontic equipment) |
3D | Three-dimensional |
PD Dental | Produits Dentaires Dental Company |
E. coli | Escherichia coli |
S. epidermidis | Staphylococcus epidermidis |
PRILE | Preferred Reporting Items for Laboratory studies in Endodontology |
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P1A | P1B | |
---|---|---|
n (%) | 30 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) |
Uncontaminated (%) | 26 (86.7) | 27 (90.0) |
Contaminated (%) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (10.0) |
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Schoppmeier, C.M.; Classen, G.L.; Contini, S.; Rebmann, P.; Brendlen, D.; Wicht, M.J.; Barbe, A.G. Introducing a Novel Paper Point Method for Isolated Apical Sampling—The Controlled Apical Sampling Device: A Methodological Study. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061477
Schoppmeier CM, Classen GL, Contini S, Rebmann P, Brendlen D, Wicht MJ, Barbe AG. Introducing a Novel Paper Point Method for Isolated Apical Sampling—The Controlled Apical Sampling Device: A Methodological Study. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(6):1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061477
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchoppmeier, Christoph Matthias, Gustav Leo Classen, Silvia Contini, Paul Rebmann, David Brendlen, Michael Jochen Wicht, and Anna Greta Barbe. 2025. "Introducing a Novel Paper Point Method for Isolated Apical Sampling—The Controlled Apical Sampling Device: A Methodological Study" Biomedicines 13, no. 6: 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061477
APA StyleSchoppmeier, C. M., Classen, G. L., Contini, S., Rebmann, P., Brendlen, D., Wicht, M. J., & Barbe, A. G. (2025). Introducing a Novel Paper Point Method for Isolated Apical Sampling—The Controlled Apical Sampling Device: A Methodological Study. Biomedicines, 13(6), 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061477