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Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/biomedicines13051084
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Comparative Analysis of Rescue-In Vitro-Maturation (r-IVM) Outcomes in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) Versus Normal Ovarian Reserve (NOR)

by
Mohd Faizal Ahmad
1,
Nurul Yaqin Mohd Nor
1,2,
Mohammad Mahmoud Mohammad Ramadneh
1,3,
Nurul Izyani Roseli
1,
Marjanu Hikmah Elias
4,
Norazilah Mat Jin
5,
Muhammad Azrai Abu
1,
Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
6,
Ani Amelia Zainuddin
1,
Shah Shamsul Azhar
7,
Nao Suzuki
8 and
Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim
1,*
1
Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuliyyah of Medicine International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arrawdha General Hospital, Dammam 32233, Saudi Arabia
4
Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
5
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor Branch, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
6
Medical Molecular Biology Institute, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
7
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
8
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, St Marianna School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-0015, Kanagawa, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051084 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 March 2025 / Revised: 21 April 2025 / Accepted: 27 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) poses significant challenges in the reproductive field, resulting in fewer mature and more low-quality eggs. Methods: We studied r-IVM in addition to standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) and compared the embryological outcomes between both DOR and NOR women. Results: We recruited 90 women (45 NOR; 45 DOR) with a younger age seen in NOR (35.2 vs. 36.5 years old) women. Otherwise, DOR women had lower levels of AMH and AFC, thus fewer retrieved follicles and collected oocytes. Most of the group presented with primary subfertility, with 55.6% in the NOR group diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while 37.8% in the DOR group presented with aging and cancer survivorship issues. Most women in the NOR group used hCG as a trigger (82.2%), while 17.8% of the DOR group opted for a decapeptide. A total of 719 oocytes were retrieved, with 72.3% of eggs being mature in the NOR group compared to 64.9% in the DOR group. Following r-IVM, 47.69% of NOR eggs were matured compared to 60% in DOR eggs. The fertilization rates (FRs) following r-IVM were higher in the DOR group (66.7% vs. 37.8%). Overall, higher numbers and quality of D3 embryos were seen in the DOR group. Our analysis revealed that the trigger type, hCG, was the only significant factor linked to successful oocyte maturation rates. Conclusions: Our study suggests that r-IVM may enhance outcomes for women with DOR, including better egg maturity, FR, and embryo quality than NOR women.
Keywords: rescue-IVM; in vitro maturation; IVF-ICSI; diminished ovarian reserve; oocyte maturation rate rescue-IVM; in vitro maturation; IVF-ICSI; diminished ovarian reserve; oocyte maturation rate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ahmad, M.F.; Mohd Nor, N.Y.; Mohammad Ramadneh, M.M.; Roseli, N.I.; Elias, M.H.; Mat Jin, N.; Abu, M.A.; Syafruddin, S.E.; Zainuddin, A.A.; Azhar, S.S.; et al. Comparative Analysis of Rescue-In Vitro-Maturation (r-IVM) Outcomes in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) Versus Normal Ovarian Reserve (NOR). Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051084

AMA Style

Ahmad MF, Mohd Nor NY, Mohammad Ramadneh MM, Roseli NI, Elias MH, Mat Jin N, Abu MA, Syafruddin SE, Zainuddin AA, Azhar SS, et al. Comparative Analysis of Rescue-In Vitro-Maturation (r-IVM) Outcomes in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) Versus Normal Ovarian Reserve (NOR). Biomedicines. 2025; 13(5):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051084

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad, Mohd Faizal, Nurul Yaqin Mohd Nor, Mohammad Mahmoud Mohammad Ramadneh, Nurul Izyani Roseli, Marjanu Hikmah Elias, Norazilah Mat Jin, Muhammad Azrai Abu, Saiful Effendi Syafruddin, Ani Amelia Zainuddin, Shah Shamsul Azhar, and et al. 2025. "Comparative Analysis of Rescue-In Vitro-Maturation (r-IVM) Outcomes in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) Versus Normal Ovarian Reserve (NOR)" Biomedicines 13, no. 5: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051084

APA Style

Ahmad, M. F., Mohd Nor, N. Y., Mohammad Ramadneh, M. M., Roseli, N. I., Elias, M. H., Mat Jin, N., Abu, M. A., Syafruddin, S. E., Zainuddin, A. A., Azhar, S. S., Suzuki, N., & Abdul Karim, A. K. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Rescue-In Vitro-Maturation (r-IVM) Outcomes in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) Versus Normal Ovarian Reserve (NOR). Biomedicines, 13(5), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051084

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