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Article

Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

by
Balaji Pathakumari
1,2,*,
Weida Liu
1,
Qiong Wang
1,
Xue Kong
1,
Guanzhao Liang
1,
Santosh Chokkakula
3,
Vasundhara Pathakamuri
4 and
Venkatrao Nunna
5
1
Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
2
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
3
Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Sri Venkateshwara Medical College, Tirupathi 517507, India
5
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071487
Submission received: 28 March 2024 / Revised: 19 May 2024 / Accepted: 28 May 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Immune Responses in Diseases)
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Abstract

Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to candidemia infections; however, relatively less is known about the immune responses induced by these species. In this study, we compared the cytokine production ability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation with different Candida species (Candida spp.). We measured secreted cytokines using ELISA and checked the functional profiles of T-cell responses using multicolor flow cytometry. Although there was a differential expression of cytokines against Candida spp., significant difference were observed in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-23 (p < 0.05) between Candida spp. A significant difference was observed between C. albicans and C. glabrata (p = 0.026) in the levels of TNF-α. C. glabrata showed significant differences compared to C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei in the levels of IL-10 (p values of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively). Despite the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines being higher in stimulated PBMCs, none of the Candida spp. showed significant differences. The levels of secreted IL-17A and IL-23 were consistently lower in Candida spp. regardless of the stimulus used. Here, we showed the differential regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 during Candida spp. stimulation of the immune system ex vivo. Additionally, our findings suggest that C. albicans elicits an IFN-γ response, whereas C. glabrata promotes IL-10 cellular responses, but this warrants additional studies to conclude this association. This investigation holds the potential to advance our comprehension of the distinct immune responses induced by Candida spp., with probable implications in designing antifungal immunotherapeutics.
Keywords: invasive candidiasis; immunotherapeutics; non-albicans Candida species; T-cell immunity; ELISA; flow cytometry invasive candidiasis; immunotherapeutics; non-albicans Candida species; T-cell immunity; ELISA; flow cytometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pathakumari, B.; Liu, W.; Wang, Q.; Kong, X.; Liang, G.; Chokkakula, S.; Pathakamuri, V.; Nunna, V. Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071487

AMA Style

Pathakumari B, Liu W, Wang Q, Kong X, Liang G, Chokkakula S, Pathakamuri V, Nunna V. Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(7):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pathakumari, Balaji, Weida Liu, Qiong Wang, Xue Kong, Guanzhao Liang, Santosh Chokkakula, Vasundhara Pathakamuri, and Venkatrao Nunna. 2024. "Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells" Biomedicines 12, no. 7: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071487

APA Style

Pathakumari, B., Liu, W., Wang, Q., Kong, X., Liang, G., Chokkakula, S., Pathakamuri, V., & Nunna, V. (2024). Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomedicines, 12(7), 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071487

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