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Review

Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Vade Mecum for the Treating Physicians: A Narrative Review

by
Agnese Maria Fioretti
1,
Daniele La Forgia
2,
Pietro Scicchitano
3,*,
Natale Daniele Brunetti
4,
Riccardo Inchingolo
5,
Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
6,7,8,9 and
Stefano Oliva
1
1
Cardio-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
2
Breast Radiology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
3
Cardiology-Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale della Murgia “Fabio Perinei”, Altamura, 70022 Bari, Italy
4
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
5
Interventional Radiology Unit, “F. Miulli” Regional General Hospital, Acquaviva, 70021 Bari, Italy
6
Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
7
Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
8
Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
9
Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102230
Submission received: 13 August 2024 / Revised: 22 September 2024 / Accepted: 24 September 2024 / Published: 30 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Cardiovascular Pharmacology)
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Abstract

Cancer is a remarkable prothrombotic disease, and cancer-associated thrombosis acts as a dreadful omen for poor prognosis. The cornerstone of venous thromboembolism therapy is anticoagulation; however, in patients with venous thromboembolism who are not suitable for anticoagulation (contraindication, failure, or complication), the inferior vena cava filter appears a valuable option in the therapeutic arsenal. The recently heightened trend of steady rise in filter placement mirrors the spread of retrievable devices, together with improvements in physicians’ insertion ability, medico-legal issue, and novel and fewer thrombogenic materials. Nevertheless, the exact role of the inferior vena cava filter in cancer has yet to be endorsed due to a dearth of robust evidence. Indeed, data that support the inferior vena cava filter are weak and even controversial, resulting in discrepancies in the interpretation and application of guidelines in daily practice. In this narrative review, we aim at clarifying the state of the art on inferior vena cava filter use in malignancies. Furthermore, we provide a feasible, conclusive 4-step algorithm for the treating physicians in order to offer a practical strategy to successfully employ the inferior vena cava filter as a priceless device in the current armamentarium against cancer.
Keywords: venous thromboembolism; inferior vena cava filter; cancer venous thromboembolism; inferior vena cava filter; cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fioretti, A.M.; La Forgia, D.; Scicchitano, P.; Brunetti, N.D.; Inchingolo, R.; Tocchetti, C.G.; Oliva, S. Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Vade Mecum for the Treating Physicians: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102230

AMA Style

Fioretti AM, La Forgia D, Scicchitano P, Brunetti ND, Inchingolo R, Tocchetti CG, Oliva S. Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Vade Mecum for the Treating Physicians: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(10):2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102230

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fioretti, Agnese Maria, Daniele La Forgia, Pietro Scicchitano, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Riccardo Inchingolo, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, and Stefano Oliva. 2024. "Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Vade Mecum for the Treating Physicians: A Narrative Review" Biomedicines 12, no. 10: 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102230

APA Style

Fioretti, A. M., La Forgia, D., Scicchitano, P., Brunetti, N. D., Inchingolo, R., Tocchetti, C. G., & Oliva, S. (2024). Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Vade Mecum for the Treating Physicians: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines, 12(10), 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102230

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