How to Generate Self-Efficacy despite Pain: The Role of Catastrophizing and Avoidance in Women with Fibromyalgia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Pain Severity
2.3.2. Pain Catastrophizing
2.3.3. Pain Avoidance
2.3.4. Pain Self-Efficacy
2.3.5. Symptom Severity Scale (SSS)
2.3.6. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Correlations
3.3. Moderated Mediation Model
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Clinical Implications and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Psychosocial Characteristics | Mean (SD) | Sample Range | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Pain severity | 7.40 (1.80) | 1–10 | 0.309 ** | 0.268 * | −0.234 * | 0.330 ** | 0.161 * | 0.234 ** |
2. Pain catastrophizing | 29.73 (11.24) | 6–52 | 0.220 * | −0.481 ** | 0.360 ** | 0.057 | −0.029 | |
3. Pain avoidance | 6.76 (2.78) | 0–12 | −0.270 ** | 0.065 | 0.284 | 0.081 | ||
4. Self-efficacy | 14.31 (9.02) | 0–35 | −0.345 ** | −0.051 | −0.020 | |||
5. General index of symptoms | 9.55 (1.77) | 3–12 | −0.043 | 0.106 | ||||
6. Diagnosis of FM | 12.32 (2.82) | 1–46 | 0.541 ** | |||||
7. Duration of FM | 24.22 (13.85) | 5–63 |
VD: Pain Avoidance | R2 | F | p | Beta | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model summary | 0.38 | 2.71 | 0.010 | |||
VI: Pain severity | −0.92 | −2.14 | 0.034 | |||
W: Pain catastrophizing | −0.17 | −1.90 | 0.05 | |||
Pain catastrophizing × Severity pain | 0.02 | 2.36 | 0.001 | |||
General index of symptoms (covariate) | 0.08 | 0.54 | 0.583 | |||
Time since FM diagnosis (covariate) | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.702 | |||
Time since onset of symptoms (covariate) | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.743 | |||
VD: Self-efficacy | R2 | F | p | Beta | t | p |
Model summary | 0.49 | 6.21 | <0.001 | |||
VI: Pain severity | −0.59 | 0.51 | 0.249 | |||
M: Pain avoidance | −0.91 | 0.30 | 0.004 | |||
General index of symptoms (covariate) | 0.08 | 0.54 | 0.583 | |||
Time since FM diagnosis (covariate) | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.702 | |||
Time since onset of symptoms (covariate) | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.743 |
Pain Catastrophizing | Beta | SE | LL 95% CI | UL 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SD below the mean | 0.35 | 0.27 | −0.06 | 1.01 |
Mean | 0.05 | 0.17 | −0.24 | 0.41 |
1SD above the mean | −0.24 | 0.26 | −0.77 | −0.04 |
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Catalá, P.; Gutiérrez, L.; Écija, C.; Peñacoba, C. How to Generate Self-Efficacy despite Pain: The Role of Catastrophizing and Avoidance in Women with Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010047
Catalá P, Gutiérrez L, Écija C, Peñacoba C. How to Generate Self-Efficacy despite Pain: The Role of Catastrophizing and Avoidance in Women with Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(1):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010047
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatalá, Patricia, Lorena Gutiérrez, Carmen Écija, and Cecilia Peñacoba. 2024. "How to Generate Self-Efficacy despite Pain: The Role of Catastrophizing and Avoidance in Women with Fibromyalgia" Biomedicines 12, no. 1: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010047
APA StyleCatalá, P., Gutiérrez, L., Écija, C., & Peñacoba, C. (2024). How to Generate Self-Efficacy despite Pain: The Role of Catastrophizing and Avoidance in Women with Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines, 12(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010047