Optimizing Dental Bond Strength: Insights from Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Implications for Clinical Practice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bond Strength Testing Strategy
2.1. Dynamic Tests
2.2. Static Tests
3. Dentin-Resin Bonding
3.1. Smear Layer
3.2. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)
3.3. Effects on MMP by Simplified Adhesive
3.4. MMP Inhibitors
- TIMPs
- Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAM)
- Protease inhibitors
- Tetracyclines and non-antimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs).
3.5. Hybrid Layer and Its Degradation
- The application of both etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems influences the bonding process.
- Elevated MMP levels and increased activity in adhesive-treated dentin can lead to a reduced inhibitory function of TIMPs, affecting the maintenance of bond strength.
- Saliva containing cholesterol esterase and pseudocholinesterase contributes to a decrease in bond strength. Furthermore, bacterial collagenases induce nanoleakage at the dentin-resin interface, and acids produced by cariogenic bacteria activate MMPs, resulting in a reduction in the durability of resin-dentin bonds.
3.6. Methods for Better Monomer Infiltration and Inhibition of Hybrid Layer Degradation
- Hydrophobic adhesives (application of a hydrophobic coating).
- Application of multiple layers.
- Extended polymerization time by lengthening the curing time.
- Increase solvent evaporation.
- Use of electric current that can enhance monomer infiltration in dentin.
- Adhesive with remineralization function.
- Antibacterial bonding system.
- MMP inhibitors.
4. Resin-Resin Bond
4.1. Impact of Contaminations on Resin-Resin Bond Strength
4.2. Blood
4.3. Saliva
5. Ceramic-Resin Bond
5.1. Nano Resin and Ceromer
5.2. Surface Pretreatment
5.3. Coloring Shades
6. Conclusions
- The micro test measurements are crucial for assessing bond strength in dental procedures, but they are underutilized due to their labor-intensive nature and sensitivity to technique.
- The condition of the smear layer on dentin significantly influences bond strength, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the proper phosphoric acid concentration during preparation and selecting appropriate bur types, such as superfine-grit or diamond burs.
- MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, pose challenges to dentin-resin bonding, with peak activity within the pH range of 2.3 to 4.5. The integration of MMP inhibitors into adhesive systems can effectively prevent hybrid layer degradation.
- Contaminants like blood and saliva can impact resin bonding, and effective remedies include thorough flushing with water and the adoption of wet bonding techniques involving ethanol and acetone.
- In the context of indirect restorations, ceromers are preferred for their superior wear resistance and bond strength compared to resin nanoceramics. Shade selection is also crucial, with A3 having minimal impact on bond strength, while shades B2 and C1 exhibit a linear decrease, and D4 contributes to an increase in bond strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fan-Chiang, Y.-S.; Chou, P.-C.; Hsiao, Y.-W.; Cheng, Y.-H.; Huang, Y.; Chiu, Y.-C.; Lin, Y.-J.; Mine, Y.; Feng, S.-W.; Lee, I.-T.; et al. Optimizing Dental Bond Strength: Insights from Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Implications for Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112995
Fan-Chiang Y-S, Chou P-C, Hsiao Y-W, Cheng Y-H, Huang Y, Chiu Y-C, Lin Y-J, Mine Y, Feng S-W, Lee I-T, et al. Optimizing Dental Bond Strength: Insights from Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Implications for Clinical Practice. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112995
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan-Chiang, Yung-Shin, Peng-Chen Chou, Yu-Wen Hsiao, Yu-Hsuan Cheng, Yi Huang, Yu-Chieh Chiu, Yu-Ju Lin, Yuichi Mine, Sheng-Wei Feng, I-Ta Lee, and et al. 2023. "Optimizing Dental Bond Strength: Insights from Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Implications for Clinical Practice" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112995