Changes in Inner Retina Thickness and Macular Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Protocol
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. OCT: Total Retina and IRL Thickness Assessment
3.3. MAIA Retinal Sensitivity Assessment
3.4. Structural and Functional Correlations
3.5. RNFL and GCL Thickness Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Group | DM2 Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Age (years) | 60.79 | 8.62 | 64.06 | 11.98 | 0.082 |
Sex (female-male %) | 39.7–60.3 | 20.4–79.6 | |||
Time from diagnosis (years) | 2.50 | 2.88 | |||
HbA1c (%) | 7.58 | 1.29 | |||
BCVA (LogMAR) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.17 | <0.001 |
SE (D) | 0.03 | 1.58 | 0.37 | 1.70 | 0.110 |
AL (mm) | 23.73 | 1.46 | 23.23 | 0.84 | 0.080 |
IOP (mmHg) | 15.30 | 2.89 | 14.76 | 2.49 | 0.676 |
Disease progression time (years) | 2.50 | 2.88 | |||
HbA1c (%) | 7.58 | 1.29 | |||
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 148.04 | 33.18 | |||
HDL (mg/dL) | 47.83 | 15.21 | |||
LDL (mg/dL) | 71.47 | 23.09 | |||
TG (mg/dL) | 122.24 | 51.71 | |||
GF (mL/min) | 73.57 | 20.52 | |||
Creatine (mg/dL) | 1.05 | 0.49 |
Retinal Sensitivity (dB) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Control | DM | Control vs. DM | |
Media ± SD | Media ± SD | p | |
Macular integrity | 64.84 ± 30.02 | 77.82 ± 28.04 | 0.005 |
Average threshold | 26.69 ± 2.26 | 24.45 ± 3.63 | <0.0001 |
Fixation stability P1 | 88.25 ± 13.03 | 77.96 ± 26.02 | 0.162 |
Fixation stability P2 | 96.78 ± 4.71 | 89.26 ± 17.31 | 0.016 |
BCEA 63 area | 1.82 ± 1.93 | 4.33 ± 6.65 | 0.121 |
BCEA 63 angle | 2.39 ± 62.12 | 9.20 ± 50.55 | 0.637 |
BCEA 95 area | 45.35 ± 5.79 | 12.84 ± 20.03 | 0.142 |
BCEA 95 angle | 2.39 ± 6.11 | 4.64 ± 50.25 | 0.956 |
Fixation loses (%) | 4.20 ± 10.71 | 7.34 ± 17.99 | 0.432 |
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Boned-Murillo, A.; Fernández-Espinosa, G.; Orduna-Hospital, E.; Díaz-Barreda, M.D.; Sánchez-Cano, A.; Sopeña-Pinilla, M.; Bielsa-Alonso, S.; Pinilla, I. Changes in Inner Retina Thickness and Macular Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112972
Boned-Murillo A, Fernández-Espinosa G, Orduna-Hospital E, Díaz-Barreda MD, Sánchez-Cano A, Sopeña-Pinilla M, Bielsa-Alonso S, Pinilla I. Changes in Inner Retina Thickness and Macular Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112972
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoned-Murillo, Ana, Guisela Fernández-Espinosa, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, Maria Dolores Díaz-Barreda, Ana Sánchez-Cano, María Sopeña-Pinilla, Sofía Bielsa-Alonso, and Isabel Pinilla. 2023. "Changes in Inner Retina Thickness and Macular Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112972