Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population/Sample Selection
2.2. RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 Analysis
2.3. NT-proBNP Analysis
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
- Patients between 18 and 45 years old;
- Patients were willing to voluntarily participate and provide blood samples for analysis;
- Patients who were tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by the RT-PCR method throughout pregnancy;
- Patients who did not have a history of the SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout pregnancy;
- Patients who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by the RT-PCR method at the moment of delivery;
- Pregnant women who gave birth in our institution (vaginal or caesarean section delivery);
- Women without known pre-existing cardiovascular diseases or other conditions that might influence NT-proBNP levels;
- Pregnant patients who signed the informed consent for our study;
- Women who benefited from prenatal care and had regular check-ups during pregnancy.
- Patients who have had major complications during pregnancy, such as severe preeclampsia, uncontrolled gestational diabetes, or pregnancy-induced hypertension;
- Women who are not pregnant or who are postpartum;
- Pregnant patients who had a history of drug abuse;
- Patients who have taken medications that might influence NT-proBNP levels during pregnancy;
- Women who have a history of psychiatric disorders;
- Women who are unwilling to participate in the study and have not signed the informed consent;
- Patients who have a history of adverse reactions to blood draws;
- Patients who have been enrolled in other clinical trials in the past 9 months;
- Pregnant patients who did not perform regular check-ups during the pregnancy.
2.4. Ethical Considerations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Number of Patients | Mean Age | SD | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (no SARS-CoV-2) | 99 | 29.2 ± 6.1 years | 6.1 | 0.7421 |
2 (with SARS-CoV-2) | 87 | 29.5 ± 6.3 years | 6.3 |
Feature/Group | No SARS-CoV-2 (n = 99) | With SARS-CoV-2 (n = 87) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean age | 29.3 ± 6.2 years | 29.4 ± 6.1 years | 0.912 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.7 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 0.856 |
Number of previous pregnancies | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.368 |
Gravidity | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 1.02 | >0.999 |
Parity | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.300 |
Number of ANC visits | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 6.6 ± 2.1 | 0.740 |
Education level (%) | |||
Primary | 10% | 11% | 0.645 |
Secondary | 45% | 44% | 0.762 |
Tertiary | 45% | 45% | 1 |
Living environment (%) | |||
Urban | 60% | 59% | 0.757 |
Rural | 40% | 41% | 0.762 |
Occupation (%) | |||
Unemployed | 26% | 33% | 0.035 |
Skilled worker | 31% | 41% | 0.002 |
Professional | 43% | 26% | <0.001 |
Associated Pathologies | Group 1 (n = 99) | Group 2 (n = 87) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Hypothyroidism | 5 (5.05%) | 3 (3.44%) | 0.435 |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | 1 (1.01%) | 3 (3.44%) | 0.255 |
Thrombophilia | 11 (11.11%) | 15 (17.24%) | 0.23 |
Bronchial asthma | 3 (3.03%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Chronic viral infections | 11 (11.11%) | 4 (4.59%) | 0.103 |
Autoimmune diseases | 7 (7.07%) | 2 (2.29%) | 0.131 |
Group 1 (No SARS-CoV-2) | Group 2 (With SARS-CoV-2) | |
---|---|---|
Average NT-proBNP level (pg/mL) | 88.7 ± 24.8 | 542.3 ± 429.5 |
p value t-test | <0.05 |
Group | Percentage of Newborns with Low Birth Weight | p Value |
---|---|---|
1 (no SARS-CoV-2) | 12% | <0.0001 |
2 (with SARS-CoV-2) | 51% |
Neonatal Characteristics | Group 1 (No SARS-CoV-2 and Normal NT-proBNP) | Group 2 (With SARS-CoV-2 and Elevated NT-proBNP) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Average birth weight (grammes) | 3200 ± 400 | 2800 ± 180 | <0.0001 |
Average gestational age | 39.2 ± 1.3 weeks | 37.8 ± 1.2 weeks | <0.0001 |
Average Apgar score at 5 min | 9 ± 1 | 7 ± 1.5 | <0.0001 |
Neonatal Characteristics | Group 1 (No SARS-CoV-2 and Normal NT-proBNP) | p Value | Group 2 (With SARS-CoV-2 and Elevated NT-proBNP) | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male (n = 65) 65.65% | Female (n = 34) 34.34% | Male (n = 39) 44.82% | Female (n = 48) 55.17% | ||
Average birth weight (grammes) | 3300 ± 300 | 3200 ±4 00 | 0.1646 | 2780 ± 200 | 2700 ± 280 | 0.1041 |
Average gestational age | 38.2 ± 2.3 weeks | 38.2 ± 2 weeks | >0.9999 | 37.3 ± 0.7 | 37.5 ± 1.5 | 0.4724 |
Average Apgar score at 5 min | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | >0.9999 | 7 ± 1.5 | 7 ± 1 | >0.9999 |
No SARS-CoV-2 (n = 99) | With SARS-CoV-2 (n = 87) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Caesarean section | 40 (40.4%) | 61 (70.11%) | <0.001 |
Natural birth | 59 (59.59) | 26 (29.88%) | <0.001 |
Asymptomatic | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 242.3 ± 329.5 | 532.3 ± 419.5 | 538.3 ± 412.5 | 742.3 ± 124.5 |
Neonatal characteristics | ||||
Average birth weight (grammes) | 2300 ± 430 | 2500 ± 400 | 200 ± 120 | 1820 ± 340 |
Average gestational age | 38 ± 2 | 36 ± 5 | 35 ± 5 | 28 ± 8 |
Average Apgar score at 5 min | 8 ± 1 | 7 ± 4 | 7 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 |
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Marta, C.-I.; Craina, M.; Nitu, R.; Maghiari, A.L.; Abu-Awwad, S.-A.; Boscu, L.; Diaconu, M.; Dumitru, C.; Sorop, B.; Stelea, L.; et al. Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2964. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112964
Marta C-I, Craina M, Nitu R, Maghiari AL, Abu-Awwad S-A, Boscu L, Diaconu M, Dumitru C, Sorop B, Stelea L, et al. Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2964. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112964
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta, Carmen-Ioana, Marius Craina, Razvan Nitu, Anca Laura Maghiari, Simona-Alina Abu-Awwad, Lioara Boscu, Mircea Diaconu, Catalin Dumitru, Bogdan Sorop, Lavinia Stelea, and et al. 2023. "Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2964. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112964