The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) Targets Oncogenic BRAF in Melanoma Cells and Promotes a Switch from Pro-Survival Autophagy to Apoptosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Cell Cultures
2.3. Evaluation of Cell Viability
2.4. Evaluation of Autophagy by Monodansylcadaverine
2.5. Detection of Chromatin Condensation by Hoechst Staining
2.6. Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Semiquantitative RT-PCR
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ITF2357 Potently Reduces Melanoma Cell Viability and Induces Histone Acetylation
3.2. The Effects of ITF2357 on Oncogenic BRAF
3.3. The Effect of ITF2357 on BRAF Mitogenic Signalling Cascade
3.4. ITF2357 Promotes a Switch from Autophagy to Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IC50 Value | ||
---|---|---|
SK-MEL-28 Cells | A375 Cells | |
ITF2357 | 4.2 μM | 1.7 μM |
SAHA | 26.9 μM | 9.2 μM |
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Celesia, A.; Notaro, A.; Franzò, M.; Lauricella, M.; D’Anneo, A.; Carlisi, D.; Giuliano, M.; Emanuele, S. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) Targets Oncogenic BRAF in Melanoma Cells and Promotes a Switch from Pro-Survival Autophagy to Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081994
Celesia A, Notaro A, Franzò M, Lauricella M, D’Anneo A, Carlisi D, Giuliano M, Emanuele S. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) Targets Oncogenic BRAF in Melanoma Cells and Promotes a Switch from Pro-Survival Autophagy to Apoptosis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(8):1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081994
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelesia, Adriana, Antonietta Notaro, Marzia Franzò, Marianna Lauricella, Antonella D’Anneo, Daniela Carlisi, Michela Giuliano, and Sonia Emanuele. 2022. "The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 (Givinostat) Targets Oncogenic BRAF in Melanoma Cells and Promotes a Switch from Pro-Survival Autophagy to Apoptosis" Biomedicines 10, no. 8: 1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081994