Association of N-Acetyl Asparagine with QTc in Diabetes: A Metabolomics Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Metabolomics Study
2.2.1. Reference Compounds and Reagents
2.2.2. Sera Preparation for Metabolomic Analyses
2.2.3. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) Analyses of Serum Samples
2.3. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and Visualization
2.4. Electrocardiography Acquisition and QTc Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA)
3.3. Identification of N-Acetyl Asparagine
3.4. N-Acetyl Asparagine Positively Correlates with QTc
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement at T1 (N = 170) | Measurement at T2 (N = 139) | |
---|---|---|
General Characteristics | ||
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 63.9 ± 8.4 | 66.8 ± 8.4 |
Male, n (%) | 132 (77.7) | 112 (80.6) |
Weight, kg (mean ± SD) | 83.4 ± 15.3 | 83.2 ± 15.8 |
Height, m (median [IQR]) | 1.71 (1.65–1.76) | 1.71 (1.65–1.76) |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 28.9 ± 4.7 | 28.8 ± 4.9 |
History of CAD a, n (%) | 110 (64.7) | 90 (64.7) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 137 (80.6) | 119 (85.7) |
Metabolic Biochemistry Profile | ||
HbA1c, % (median [IQR]) | 7.5 (7.0–8.3) | 7.6 (6.9–8.3) |
Blood glucose, mmol/L (median (IQR)) | 7.8 (6.4–9.3) | 8.1 (6.6–10.4) |
Triglycerides, mmol/L (median (IQR)) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L(median (IQR)) | 3.7 (3.2–4.4) | 3.8 (3.4–4.4) |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L(median (IQR)) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L (median (IQR)) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 1.9 (1.6–2.4) |
QT Prolonging Drugsb | ||
Present, n (%) | 8 (4.7) | 8 (5.8) |
Basic Metabolic Profile | ||
Calcium c, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 |
Potassium, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 |
Creatinine, mmol/L (median [IQR]) | 84 (74–101) | 87 (76–105) |
Albumin, g/L (median [IQR]) | 42.5 (39.8–44.4) | 43 (40.5–45) |
Electrocardiogram Variables | ||
Heart rate, beats/min (mean ± SD) | 69.7 ± 11.1 | 69.1 ± 11.8 |
QTc, ms (mean ± SD) | 422 ± 24.9 | 424.9 ± 24.3 |
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Gravina, G.; Moey, M.Y.Y.; Prifti, E.; Ichou, F.; Bourron, O.; Balse, E.; Badillini, F.; Funck-Brentano, C.; Salem, J.-E. Association of N-Acetyl Asparagine with QTc in Diabetes: A Metabolomics Study. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081955
Gravina G, Moey MYY, Prifti E, Ichou F, Bourron O, Balse E, Badillini F, Funck-Brentano C, Salem J-E. Association of N-Acetyl Asparagine with QTc in Diabetes: A Metabolomics Study. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(8):1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081955
Chicago/Turabian StyleGravina, Giacomo, Melissa Y. Y. Moey, Edi Prifti, Farid Ichou, Olivier Bourron, Elise Balse, Fabio Badillini, Christian Funck-Brentano, and Joe-Elie Salem. 2022. "Association of N-Acetyl Asparagine with QTc in Diabetes: A Metabolomics Study" Biomedicines 10, no. 8: 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081955