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Review

Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach

by
Cecilia Bacali
1,
Romana Vulturar
2,3,*,
Smaranda Buduru
1,
Angela Cozma
4,
Adriana Fodor
5,
Adina Chiș
2,3,
Ondine Lucaciu
6,
Laura Damian
7,8,† and
Mirela Liliana Moldovan
9,†
1
Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4
4th Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, 18 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5
Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
6
Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
7
Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
8
CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
9
Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12, I. Creanga St., 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed to this work.
Biomedicines 2022, 10(3), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030671
Submission received: 8 February 2022 / Revised: 10 March 2022 / Accepted: 11 March 2022 / Published: 14 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Translational Research of the Microbiome in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

The oral microbiome, forming a biofilm that covers the oral structures, contains a high number of microorganisms. Biofilm formation starts from the salivary pellicle that allows bacterial adhesion–colonization–proliferation, co-aggregation and biofilm maturation in a complex microbial community. There is a constant bidirectional crosstalk between human host and its oral microbiome. The paper presents the fundamentals regarding the oral microbiome and its relationship to modulator factors, oral and systemic health. The modern studies of oral microorganisms and relationships with the host benefits are based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Pharmaceuticals such as antimicrobials, prebiotics, probiotics, surface active or abrasive agents and plant-derived ingredients may influence the oral microbiome. Many studies found associations between oral dysbiosis and systemic disorders, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, diabetes, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. We outline the general and individual factors influencing the host–microbial balance and the possibility to use the analysis of the oral microbiome in prevention, diagnosis and treatment in personalized medicine. Future therapies should take in account the restoration of the normal symbiotic relation with the oral microbiome.
Keywords: biofilm; metabolomics; oral diseases; systemic diseases; genomics; Oral Microbiome Database; amyloid; immune responses; autoimmune diseases biofilm; metabolomics; oral diseases; systemic diseases; genomics; Oral Microbiome Database; amyloid; immune responses; autoimmune diseases

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bacali, C.; Vulturar, R.; Buduru, S.; Cozma, A.; Fodor, A.; Chiș, A.; Lucaciu, O.; Damian, L.; Moldovan, M.L. Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030671

AMA Style

Bacali C, Vulturar R, Buduru S, Cozma A, Fodor A, Chiș A, Lucaciu O, Damian L, Moldovan ML. Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(3):671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030671

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bacali, Cecilia, Romana Vulturar, Smaranda Buduru, Angela Cozma, Adriana Fodor, Adina Chiș, Ondine Lucaciu, Laura Damian, and Mirela Liliana Moldovan. 2022. "Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach" Biomedicines 10, no. 3: 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030671

APA Style

Bacali, C., Vulturar, R., Buduru, S., Cozma, A., Fodor, A., Chiș, A., Lucaciu, O., Damian, L., & Moldovan, M. L. (2022). Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach. Biomedicines, 10(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030671

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