Longitudinal Trends in Illness Perception and Depression during Adjuvant Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Sample and Setting
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Patients
3.2. Changes in Illness Perceptions and Depression between the Three Time Points
3.3. Effect of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics on Illness Perception Changes
3.4. Factors Associated with Depression after 12 Months
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Soerjomataram, I.; Siegel, R.L.; Torre, L.A.; Jemal, A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018, 68, 394–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Society KBC. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2020; Korean Breast Cancer Society: Seoul, Korea, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Davies, C.; Pan, H.; Godwin, J.; Gray, R.; Arriagada, R.; Raina, V.; Abraham, M.; Medeiros Alencar, V.H.; Badran, A.; Bonfill, X.; et al. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial. Lancet 2013, 381, 805–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Burstein, H.J.; Temin, S.; Anderson, H.; Buchholz, T.A.; Davidson, N.E.; Gelmon, K.E.; Giordano, S.H.; Hudis, C.A.; Rowden, D.; Solky, A.J.; et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline focused update. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 32, 2255–2269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosenberg, S.M.; Stanton, A.L.; Petrie, K.J.; Partridge, A.H. Symptoms and symptom attribution among women on endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Oncologist 2015, 20, 598–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- van Londen, G.J.; Beckjord, E.B.; Dew, M.A.; Cooper, K.L.; Davidson, N.E.; Bovbjerg, D.H.; Donovan, H.S.; Thurston, R.C.; Morse, J.Q.; Nutt, S.; et al. Associations between adjuvant endocrine therapy and onset of physical and emotional concerns among breast cancer survivors. Support. Care Cancer 2014, 22, 937–945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Haidinger, R.; Bauerfeind, I. Long-Term side effects of adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer patients: Results of a web-based survey. Breast Care 2019, 14, 111–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bender, C.M.; Gentry, A.L.; Brufsky, A.M.; Casillo, F.E.; Cohen, S.M.; Dailey, M.M.; Donovan, H.S.; Dunbar-Jacob, J.; Jankowitz, R.C.; Rosenzweig, M.Q.; et al. Influence of patient and treatment factors on adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Oncol. Nurs. Forum 2014, 41, 274–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mausbach, B.T.; Schwab, R.B.; Irwin, S.A. Depression as a predictor of adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in women with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2015, 152, 239–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wang, X.; Wang, N.; Zhong, L.; Wang, S.; Zheng, Y.; Yang, B.; Zhang, J.; Lin, Y.; Wang, Z. Prognostic value of depression and anxiety on breast cancer recurrence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 282,203 patients. Mol. Psychiatry 2020, 25, 3186–3197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, S.J.; Chang, C.H.; Chen, K.C.; Liu, C.Y. Association between depressive disorders and risk of breast cancer recurrence after curative surgery. Medicine 2016, 95, e4547:1–e4547:6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsaras, K.; Papathanasiou, I.V.; Mitsi, D.; Veneti, A.; Kelesi, M.; Zyga, S.; Fradelos, E.C. Assessment of depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients: Prevalence and associated factors. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2018, 19, 1661–1669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boing, L.; Pereira, G.S.; Araújo, C.; Sperandio, F.F.; Loch, M.; Bergmann, A.; Borgatto, A.F.; Guimarães, A.C.A. Factors associated with depression symptoms in women after breast cancer. Rev. Saude Publica 2019, 53, 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Casavilca-Zambrano, S.; Custodio, N.; Liendo-Picoaga, R.; Cancino-Maldonado, K.; Esenarro, L.; Montesinos, R.; Bertani, S.; Fejerman, L.; Guerchet, M.; Vidaurre, T. Depression in women with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Prevalence of symptoms of depression in Peruvian women with early breast cancer and related sociodemographic factors. Semin. Oncol. 2020, 47, 293–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kus, T.; Aktas, G.; Ekici, H.; Elboga, G.; Djamgoz, S. Illness perception is a strong parameter on anxiety and depression scores in early-stage breast cancer survivors: A single-center cross-sectional study of Turkish patients. Support. Care Cancer 2017, 25, 3347–3355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gibbons, A.; Groarke, A.; Sweeney, K. Predicting general and cancer-related distress in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2016, 16, 935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Leventhal, H.; Benyamini, Y.; Brownlee, S.; Diefenbach, M.; Leventhal, E.A.; Patrick-Miller, L.; Robitaille, C. Illness representations: Theoretical foundations. Percept. Health Illn. 1997, 2, 19–46. [Google Scholar]
- Leventhal, H.; Diefenbach, M.; Leventhal, E.A. Illness cognition: Using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions. Cogn. Ther. Res. 1992, 16, 143–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, C.; Yan, J.; Wu, Y.; Huang, W. Illness perceptions of Chinese women with breast cancer and relationships with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 2018, 24, e12677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Karabulutlu, E.Y.; Avcı, İ.A.; Karayurt, Ö.; Gürsoy, A.; Köşgeroğlu, N.; Tuna, A.; Ersin, F.; Arıkan, F.; Karaman, S. Evaluation of illness perception of women with breast cancer in Turkey. Eur. J. Breast Health 2019, 15, 98–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCorry, N.K.; Dempster, M.; Quinn, J.; Hogg, A.; Newell, J.; Moore, M.; Kelly, S.; Kirk, S.J. Illness perception clusters at diagnosis predict psychological distress among women with breast cancer at 6 months post diagnosis. Psychooncology 2013, 22, 692–698. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Den Oudsten, B.L.; van Heck, G.L.; van der Steeg, A.F.; Roukema, J.A.; de Vries, J. Predictors of depressive symptoms 12 months after surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Psychooncology 2009, 18, 1230–1237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Millar, K.; Purushotham, A.D.; McLatchie, E.; George, W.D.; Murray, G.D. A 1-year prospective study of individual variation in distress, and illness perceptions, after treatment for breast cancer. J. Psychosom. Res. 2005, 58, 335–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, J.; Zhou, Y.; Feng, Z.; Xu, Y.; Zeng, G. Longitudinal trends in anxiety, depression, and quality of life during different intermittent periods of adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs. 2018, 41, 62–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shim, E.J.; Jeong, D.; Song, Y.W.; Lee, S.H.; Kim, N.J.; Hahm, B.J. A network analysis of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in patients with rheumatic diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Psychol. Health 2020, 35, 838–853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Broadbent, E.; Petrie, K.J.; Main, J.; Weinman, J. The brief illness perception questionnaire. J. Psychosom. Res. 2006, 60, 631–637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Radloff, L.S. The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 1977, 1, 385–401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, Z.; Hunter, M.S.; Moss-Morris, R.; Hughes, L.D. Factors related to the experience of menopausal symptoms in women prescribed tamoxifen. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2017, 38, 226–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Paranjpe, R.; John, G.; Trivedi, M.; Abughosh, S. Identifying adherence barriers to oral endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2019, 174, 297–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Min, Y.H. Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-Specific for breast cancer patients on hormone therapy. J. Health Inf. Stat. 2017, 42, 136–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harris, P.F.; Remington, P.L.; Trentham-Dietz, A.; Allen, C.I.; Newcomb, P.A. Prevalence and treatment of menopausal symptoms among breast cancer survivors. J. Pain Symptom. Manag. 2002, 23, 501–509. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dorjgochoo, T.; Gu, K.; Kallianpur, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zheng, W.; Chen, Z.; Lu, W.; Shu, X.O. Menopausal symptoms among breast cancer patients 6 months after diagnosis: A report from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study. Menopause 2009, 16, 1205–1212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yusufov, M.; Nathan, M.; Wiley, A.; Russell, J.; Partridge, A.; Joffe, H. Predictors of increased risk for early treatment non-adherence to oral anti-estrogen therapies in early-stage breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2021, 185, 53–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simon, R.; Latreille, J.; Matte, C.; Desjardins, P.; Bergeron, E. Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients with regular follow-up. Can. J. Surg. 2014, 57, 26–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Griffiths, A.; MacLennan, S.J.; Hassard, J. Menopause and work: An electronic survey of employees’ attitudes in the UK. Maturitas 2013, 76, 155–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jacob, L.; Bleicher, L.; Kostev, K.; Kalder, M. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their risk factors in German women with breast cancer in general and gynecological practices. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2016, 142, 447–452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thompson, S.C.; Sobolew-Shubin, A.; Galbraith, M.E.; Schwankovsky, L.; Cruzen, D. Maintaining perceptions of control: Finding perceived control in low-control circumstances. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1993, 64, 293–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burgess, C.; Morris, T.; Pettingale, K.W. Psychological response to cancer diagnosis—II. Evidence for coping styles (coping styles and cancer diagnosis). J. Psychosom. Res. 1988, 32, 263–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodin, J. Aging and Health: Effects of the Sense of Control. Science 1986, 233, 1271–1276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jo, H.-G.; Shin, N. Heart Rate Variability as an Early Objective Indicator of Subjective Feeling of Depression in Daily Life. Healthc. Inform. Res. 2021, 27, 249–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Characteristic | Mean (SD 1) or n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 47.20 (8.84) | |
≤40 | 27 (18.0) | |
>40 | 123 (82.0) | |
Education level | High school or below | 63 (42.0) |
College and above | 87 (58.0) | |
Marital status | No | 20 (13.3) |
Yes | 130 (86.7) | |
Employment status | No | 73 (48.7) |
Yes | 77 (51.3) | |
Family history of cancer | No | 97 (64.7) |
Yes | 53 (35.3) | |
Family history of breast cancer | No | 137 (91.3) |
Yes | 13 (8.7) | |
Menopausal status | No | 105 (70.0) |
Yes | 45 (30.0) | |
Cancer stage | In situ | 25 (16.7) |
Invasive (Stage I, II, or III) | 125 (83.3) | |
Type of surgery | Mastectomy | 23 (15.3) |
Conservation | 127 (84.7) | |
Chemotherapy | No | 104 (69.3) |
Yes | 46 (30.7) | |
Radiation therapy | No | 19 (12.7) |
Yes | 131 (87.3) | |
Hormone therapy agent | Tamoxifen | 116 (77.3) |
Aromatase inhibitor | 34 (22.7) |
T1 1 | T2 1 | T3 1 | F Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illness perception | |||||
Consequences | 5.90 (2.54) | 5.26 (2.46) | 4.83 (2.67) | 13.911 | <0.001 |
Timeline | 4.62 (2.88) | 4.59 (2.64) | 5.89 (2.19) | 14.169 | <0.001 |
Personal control | 5.73 (2.20) | 5.77 (2.06) | 5.89 (2.19) | 0.337 | 0.700 |
Treatment control | 8.25 (1.89) | 7.78 (1.98) | 7.65 (1.84) | 6.307 | 0.002 |
Identity | 3.63 (2.72) | 3.87 (2.57) | 4.24 (2.47) | 3.418 | 0.038 |
Concern | 5.75 (2.76) | 5.65 (2.63) | 5.28 (2.66) | 3.525 | 0.031 |
Coherence | 5.62 (2.38) | 6.03 (2.13) | 6.09 (2.33) | 3.739 | 0.025 |
Emotions | 5.26 (2.79) | 4.79 (2.54) | 4.73 (2.49) | 3.897 | 0.021 |
Depression | 16.72 (9.97) | 14.68 (9.13) | 14.41 (9.02) | 5.836 | 0.003 |
Illness Perception | Factor | T1 1 | T2 1 | T3 1 | F Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timeline | Age | ≤40 | 4.56 (3.23) | 4.96 (2.62) | 5.59 (3.02) | 3.665 | 0.027 |
>40 | 4.63 (2.81) | 4.50 (2.64) | 4.24 (2.62) | ||||
Personal control | Education level | High school or below | 6.10 (2.13) | 5.44 (2.17) | 5.79 (1.95) | 4.270 | 0.017 |
College and above | 5.46 (2.23) | 6.01 (1.96) | 5.97 (2.36) | ||||
Treatment control | Employment status | No | 8.10 (2.03) | 8.10 (1.88) | 7.89 (1.69) | 3.896 | 0.021 |
Yes | 8.39 (1.75) | 7.48 (2.04) | 7.43 (1.96) | ||||
Identity | Menopausal status | No | 3.51 (2.69) | 4.16 (2.50) | 4.30 (2.39) | 3.436 | 0.037 |
Yes | 3.89 (2.81) | 3.20 (2.62) | 4.09 (2.64) | ||||
Chemotherapy | No | 3.07 (2.58) | 3.72 (2.47) | 3.91 (2.42) | 3.442 | 0.037 | |
Yes | 4.89 (2.63) | 4.22 (2.76) | 4.98 (2.43) | ||||
Concern | Radiation therapy | No | 6.00 (2.91) | 5.21 (2.59) | 6.05 (3.05) | 3.095 | 0.047 |
Yes | 5.72 (2.75) | 5.72 (2.64) | 5.17 (2.59) | ||||
Emotions | Chemotherapy | No | 5.13 (2.81) | 5.07 (2.39) | 4.62 (2.46) | 5.653 | 0.004 |
Yes | 5.54 (2.75) | 4.15 (2.77) | 4.98 (2.54) |
Adjusted R2 | ß | t | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cross-sectional analysis | ||||
IP at 12 months follow-up | 0.544 | |||
Depression_baseline | 0.411 | 6.170 | <0.001 | |
Education level | −0.137 | −2.291 | 0.024 | |
Cancer stage | 0.168 | 2.672 | 0.009 | |
Chemotherapy | 0.140 | −2.240 | 0.027 | |
IP 1 Personal control_12 months | −0.188 | −2.797 | 0.006 | |
IP Treatment control_12 months | −0.151 | −2.340 | 0.021 | |
IP Identity_12 months | 0.185 | 2.682 | 0.008 | |
IP Emotions_12 months | 0.208 | 2.973 | 0.004 | |
Prospective analysis | ||||
IP at baseline | 0.408 | |||
Depression_baseline | 0.573 | 7.868 | <0.001 | |
Cancer stage | 0.173 | 2.587 | 0.011 | |
IP Consequences_baseline | 0.187 | 2.625 | 0.010 | |
IP Personal control_baseline | 0.152 | 2.237 | 0.027 | |
IP at 3 months follow-up | 0.366 | |||
Depression_baseline | 0.609 | 8.785 | <0.001 | |
Cancer stage | 0.174 | 2.513 | 0.013 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Park, S.K.; Min, Y.H.; Lee, S.B. Longitudinal Trends in Illness Perception and Depression during Adjuvant Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091223
Park SK, Min YH, Lee SB. Longitudinal Trends in Illness Perception and Depression during Adjuvant Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(9):1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091223
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Seul Ki, Yul Ha Min, and Sae Byul Lee. 2021. "Longitudinal Trends in Illness Perception and Depression during Adjuvant Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study" Healthcare 9, no. 9: 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091223