Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Survivors of Critical Illness from a Greek ICU. A Prospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Questionnaires
2.2.1. The WHOQOL-Bref Questionnaire—Assessment of the Quality of Life
2.2.2. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
2.2.3. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale
2.2.4. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)
2.2.5. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. WHOQOL-Bref Questionnaire in ICU Survivors and Healthy Controls
3.3. Psychometric Characteristics in ICU Survivors
3.4. Factors Related to the Scores in the Different Domains of the WHOQOL-Bref
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Results |
---|---|
Age, years 1 | 46 ± 14 |
Gender (male) 2 | 63 (59%) |
Diagnostic Category 2 | |
Medical | 37 (36%) |
Surgical Acute | 23 (22%) |
Surgical Elective | 12 (12%) |
Trauma | 32 (31%) |
Comorbidities | |
At least one comorbidity present 2 | 69 (66%) |
Cardiovascular | 26 |
Respiratory | 12 |
Neurologic | 18 |
Oncology and Hematology | 17 |
Autoimmune | 9 |
Psychiatric | 12 |
Diabetes | 6 |
Chronic Renal Failure | 6 |
ICU Length of Stay 3 | 11 (3–66) |
Education 2 | |
<High school | 20 (19%) |
High school | 31 (30%) |
>High school | 53 (51%) |
Family status 2 | |
Single | 40 (38%) |
Married | 48 (46%) |
Estranged | 4 (4%) |
Divorced | 10 (10%) |
Widowed | 2 (2%) |
Living with others 2 | |
Yes | 89 (86%) |
No | 15 (14%) |
Employment 2 | |
Full time | 50 (48%) |
Part time | 9 (9%) |
Student | 7 (7%) |
Housekeeping | 11 (10%) |
Retired 4 | 9 (9%) |
Unemployed | 18 (17%) |
Self-Rated Health Status 2 | |
Excellent | 27 (26%) |
Very Good | 39 (37%) |
Good | 29 (28%) |
Fair | 7 (7%) |
Poor | 2 (2%) |
Evaluation Scale | Scores Median (Interquartile Range) | Percentage above/below Cutoff Value |
---|---|---|
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | ||
S-STAI (n = 104) | 50 (45–54) | 100 (96%) a |
T-STAI (n = 81) | 43 (39–47) | 58 (72%) a |
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale (n = 104) | 15 (8–27) | 29 (28%) a |
The Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) (n = 60) | 21 (4–40) | 20 (33%) a |
The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (n = 104) | 28 (26–29) | 12 (11%) b |
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Vrettou, C.S.; Mantziou, V.; Ilias, I.; Vassiliou, A.G.; Orfanos, S.E.; Kotanidou, A.; Dimopoulou, I. Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Survivors of Critical Illness from a Greek ICU. A Prospective Observational Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070849
Vrettou CS, Mantziou V, Ilias I, Vassiliou AG, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Survivors of Critical Illness from a Greek ICU. A Prospective Observational Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(7):849. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070849
Chicago/Turabian StyleVrettou, Charikleia S., Vassiliki Mantziou, Ioannis Ilias, Alice G. Vassiliou, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Anastasia Kotanidou, and Ioanna Dimopoulou. 2021. "Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Survivors of Critical Illness from a Greek ICU. A Prospective Observational Study" Healthcare 9, no. 7: 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070849
APA StyleVrettou, C. S., Mantziou, V., Ilias, I., Vassiliou, A. G., Orfanos, S. E., Kotanidou, A., & Dimopoulou, I. (2021). Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety in Survivors of Critical Illness from a Greek ICU. A Prospective Observational Study. Healthcare, 9(7), 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070849