The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- 1.
- Your age?
- 25–34 years
- 35–44 years
- 45–54 years
- 55–65 years
- >65 years
- 2.
- Gender:
- Male.
- Female.
- 3.
- What is your profession?
- Pharmacist.
- Physician.
- Nurse.
- Engineer.
- Other:________________
- 4.
- Your current position:________________________
- 5.
- How many years of experience do you have in the pharmaceutical supply chain/pharmaceutical purchasing or planning?
- None.
- 1–2 years.
- 2–4 years.
- 4–6 years.
- 6–8 years.
- >8 years.
- 6.
- Your hospital or healthcare institution is affiliated with which public or private entity:_______________________
- 7.
- The institution that you work in is located in which geographic region in the Kingdom?
- Riyadh.
- Makkah.
- AlMadinah.
- Asir.
- Albahah.
- Eastern province.
- Alqassim.
- Northern borders province.
- Jizan province.
- 8.
- What was the approximate number of medications that you faced shortages with during the COVID-19 pandemic?
- None.
- ≤10.
- 10–20.
- 21–30.
- ≥30.
- 9.
- Please mention the names of medications that your institution faced shortages with during the COVID-19 pandemic (A list of the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines is attached).
- 10.
- Please mention the names of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that your institution faced shortages with during COVID-19 pandemic.
- 11.
- Kindly, estimate the difference in the acquisition cost of the Essential Medicines as shown in the WHO list of essential drugs pre- and post the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Same price.
- 10–25%.
- 25–50%.
- 50–75%.
- 75–100%.
- >100%.
- Other:____________
- 12.
- Kindly, estimate the difference in the cost of PPE pre- and post the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Same price.
- 10–25%.
- 25–50%.
- 50–75%.
- 75–100%.
- >100%.
- Other:____________
- 13.
- Did your institution place any direct purchase order for a drug or PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic due to drug or PPE shortages?
- Yes.
- No.
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Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
Age (yrs.) | |
25–34 yrs. | 43 (41.7) |
35–44 yrs. | 40 (38.8) |
45–54 yrs. | 16 (15.5) |
55–65 yrs. | 4 (3.9) |
Gender | |
Male | 67 (65) |
Female | 36 (35) |
Profession | |
Pharmacist | 95 (92.2) |
Physician | 1 (0.97) |
Engineer | 1 (0.97) |
Supply chain specialist | 6 (5.83) |
Place of work | |
Ministry of defense- and aviation-affiliated healthcare institutions | 25 (24.27) |
Ministry of health-affiliated healthcare institutions | 43 (41.75) |
Ministry of interior-affiliated healthcare institutions | 17 (16.50) |
Ministry of national guard-affiliated healthcare institutions | 5 (4.85) |
University-affiliated hospitals | 8 (7.77) |
Private hospitals | 5 (4.85) |
Geographic region | |
Riyadh | 61 (59.22) |
Makkah | 13 (12.62) |
AlMadinah | 2 (1.94) |
Asir | 2 (1.94) |
Albahah | 2 (1.94) |
Eastern province | 19 (18.45) |
Alqassim | 1 (0.97) |
Northern borders province | 2 (1.94) |
Jizan province | 1 (0.97) |
Years of experience in supply chain | |
<1 year | 13 (12.62) |
1–2 years | 10 (9.71) |
2–4 yyears | 6 (5.83) |
4–6 years | 11 (10.68) |
6–8 years | 17 (16.50) |
>8 years | 46 (44.66) |
Name | N (%) |
---|---|
Tocilizumab | 53 (51.45) |
Hydroxychloroquine | 44 (43.68) |
Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 35 (33.98) |
Ribavirin | 27 (26.21) |
Enoxaparin | 18 (17.47) |
Interferon beta-1b | 17 (16.50) |
Dexamethasone | 17 (16.50) |
Cisatracurium besilate | 14 (13.59) |
Furosemide | 11 (10.67) |
Prednisolone | 11 (10.67) |
Methimazole | 9 (8.73) |
Hydrocortisone | 9 (8.73) |
Methylprednisolone | 8 (7.76) |
Levetiracetam | 7 (6.79) |
Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 7 (6.79) |
Vancomycin | 4 (3.88) |
Warfarin | 3 (2.91) |
Metformin | 3 (2.91) |
Ropivacaine | 3 (2.91) |
Pertuzumab | 2 (1.94) |
Trastuzumab | 2 (1.94) |
Bevacizumab | 2 (1.94) |
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Share and Cite
Aljadeed, R.; AlRuthia, Y.; Balkhi, B.; Sales, I.; Alwhaibi, M.; Almohammed, O.; Alotaibi, A.J.; Alrumaih, A.M.; Asiri, Y. The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2021, 9, 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030290
Aljadeed R, AlRuthia Y, Balkhi B, Sales I, Alwhaibi M, Almohammed O, Alotaibi AJ, Alrumaih AM, Asiri Y. The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2021; 9(3):290. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030290
Chicago/Turabian StyleAljadeed, Rana, Yazed AlRuthia, Bander Balkhi, Ibrahim Sales, Monira Alwhaibi, Omar Almohammed, Abdulaziz J. Alotaibi, Ali M. Alrumaih, and Yousif Asiri. 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 9, no. 3: 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030290
APA StyleAljadeed, R., AlRuthia, Y., Balkhi, B., Sales, I., Alwhaibi, M., Almohammed, O., Alotaibi, A. J., Alrumaih, A. M., & Asiri, Y. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare, 9(3), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030290