Acute Cardiovascular Response to Sign Chi Do Exercise
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Cardiovascular Response to Exercise
2. Methodology
2.1. Design and Sample
Categorizing Subjects into Active and Sedentary Groups
2.2. Procedures
Sign Chi Do Exercise
Warm-up 1.47 min | Front leaning stance | L stance |
---|---|---|
Begin with Postural alignment. Shoulders relaxed and in alignment with hips and feet and all facing forward. When standing, feet start shoulder width apart. Repeat each 4 times. | Step forward one stride length, toes first and facing forward as knee bends. Maintain feet shoulders width apart. Opposite foot, toes slightly turned out (30°) and leg straight. Shift weight to back foot. Bend back knee and straighten front knee when shifting weight to back foot. Both feet remain flat on floor at all times. Connect breath and arms with leg movements (as weight shifts forward, raise arms and take in a deep breath, as shifting back, exhale). | Step back with one foot, making an L with feet (creating a 90° angle). Feet should be a comfortable distance apart and the heel of the back foot should land in line with front foot. Shift weight to back foot and front foot should be settled on heel with toes pointing up in the air. Most of weight on the back foot with knee bent and front knee is straight. Shift weight from back to front foot and bend front knee as back knee straightens. Connect breath and arms with leg movements (as weight shifts forward, raise arms and take in a deep breath, as shifting back, exhale). |
Sign Gestures 8.13 min | Description | Integration of Breath |
Healthy, Happy, Holy Practiced from standing position, incorporating the front leaning stance | Healthy: Bring hands to chest with palms open. Extend arms forward in a powerful manner with hands clenched into fist as muscles in forearm and upper arm tighten, assuming the boxers posture. Follow timing of music. | Breath: Breathe in as hands placed on chest. Breathe out as arms extended. |
Happy: Rolling your hands upward and outward, starting low in your abdomen. This rolling motion is continuous. | Breath: Breathe in as hands move in a continuous motion rolling outward. Breathe out with continuous motion. | |
Holy: The right index and middle finger (the H sign) glide across the palm of your left hand extending upward and out on an angle. | Breath: Breathe in as the right fingers are placed on the palm of left hand. Breathe out as fingers brush across palm and extend upward and outward. | |
Check blood pressure and heart rate at 0, 5, and 10 min. (Record heart rate every minute, and up to 10 min following cessation of movement.) |
2.3. Measurement
2.3.1. Descriptive Information
2.3.2. Measures
2.3.3. Cardiovascular Response
2.3.4. Perceived Exertion
2.3.5. Functional Fitness
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
Variable | Sedentary (n = 18) M (SD)/Frequency | Active (n = 16) M (SD)/Frequency | Total (n = 34) M (SD)/Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 63.2 (6.2) | 65.0 (8.5) | 64.0 (7.3) |
Gender | |||
Women | 15 (83%) | 12 (75%) | 27 (79.4%) |
Race | |||
African American | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (5.9%) |
American Indian/Alaska Native | 3 (17%) | 0 | 3 (8.8%) |
Caucasian (White) | 14 (78%) | 14 (88%) | 28 (82.4%) |
Other | 0 | 1 (6%) | 1 (2.9%) |
Ethnicity | |||
Latino | 1 (6%) | 0 | 1 (2.9%) |
Not-Latino | 17 (94%) | 16 (100%) | 33 (97.1%) |
Years of Education Completed | 16.8 ± 3.1 | 16.7 ± 2.1 | 16.7 (2.6) |
Chronic Disease | |||
Cardiovascular * | 13 (72%) | 6 (38%) | 19 (55.9%) |
Respiratory * | 9 (50%) | 1 (6%) | 10 (29.4%) |
Cancer | 1 (6%) | 2 (13%) | 3 (8.8%) |
Diabetes | 1 (6%) | 0 | 1 (2.9%) |
Arthritis | 11 (61%) | 7 (44%) | 18 (52.9%) |
Chronic Pain * | 7 (39%) | 0 | 7 (20.6%) |
BMI * | 32.2 (7.2) | 26.3 (5.2) | 29.4(7.0) |
Systolic Blood Pressure | 127.2 (11.5) | 126.9 (17.1) | 126.6 (13.8) |
Diastolic Blood Pressure | 76.7 (7.1) | 74.9 (6.3) | 75.5 (6.5) |
Heart Rate | 72.8 (7.6) | 74.2 (8.9) | 73.4 (8.1) |
3.2. Cardiovascular Response
Variable | Baseline | 5 Min | 10 Min | 20 Min |
---|---|---|---|---|
HR Active | 73.2 (7.2) | 88.7 (13.7) | 88.2 (16.2) + | 71.4 (6.9) |
Inactive | 73.7 (9.0) | 86.3(11.7) | 87.3 (12.0) | 72.3 (10.3) ++ |
Total | 73.4 (8.1) | 87.4 (12.5) | 87.7 (13.8) † | 71.4 (8.6) † |
SBP Active | 125.7 (15) | 133.6 (21.8) | 137.2 (20.9) | 123.8 (13.5) |
Inactive | 127.4 (13) | 140.4 (20.7) | 138.4 (17.9) | 122 (14.2) ++ |
Total | 126.6 (13.8) | 137.2 (21.2) | 137.9 (19.1) | 122.9 (13.7) † |
RPP Active | 9155.6 (1078.9) | 11918.3 (2991.0) | 12318 (3044.7) + | 8835.1(1261.5) |
Inactive | 9419.6 (1671.9) | 12175.0 (2613.6) | 12109 (2383.7) | 8810.4 (1525.7) ++ |
Total | 9295.4 (1409.6) | 12054 (2757.2) | 12201 (2648.5) † | 8822.8 (1377.1) † |
RPE Active | 0.8 (2) +++ | 3.6 (7) +++ | 4.5 (7) + | |
Inactive | 0.7 (2) | 3.9 (10) | 4.1 (7) ++ | |
Total | 0.7 (2) †† | 3.8 (10) †† | 4.9 (7) ††† |
3.3. Functional Fitness
Variable | Mean (SD) | Tertile n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Chair Stand | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Inactive | 11.0 (2.9) | 12 (35%) | 6 (18%) | 0 |
Active | 13.4(6.2) | 8 (23%) | 6 (18%) | 2 (6%) |
Total | 12.2 (4.8) | 20 (59%) | 12 (35%) | 2 (6%) |
Arm Curls | ||||
Inactive | 12.6 (2.8) | 14 (43%) | 4 (12%) | 0 |
Active | 14.4 (3.2) | 6 (18%) | 8 (23%) | 2 (6%) |
Total | 13.4 (3.1) | 20 (59%) | 12 (35%) | 2 (6%) |
Sit and Reach | ||||
Inactive | −1.6 (5.0) | 9 (26%) | 8 (23%) | 1 (3%) |
Active | 0.3 (3.0) | 3 (9%) | 12 (35%) | 1 (3%) |
Total | −0.7 (4.3) | 12 (35%) | 20 (59%) | 2 (6%) |
Back Scratch | ||||
Inactive | −2.2 (3.0) | 7 (20%) | 10 (29%) | 1 (3%) |
Active | −3.3 (5.5) | 6 (18%) | 8 (23%) | 2 (6%) |
Total | −2.8 (4.3) | 13 (38%) | 18 (52%) | 3 (9%) |
Timed Up and Go | ||||
Inactive | 6.2 (1.3) | 9 (26%) | 7 (20.5%) | 2 (6%) |
Active | 5.2 (1.8) | 3 (9%) | 7 (20.5%) | 6 (18%) |
Total | 5.8 (1.6) | 12 (35%) | 14 (41%) | 8 (23%) |
Six-min Walk | ||||
Inactive | 1320.4 (264.9) | 17 (50%) | 0 | 1 (3%) |
Active | 1572.8 (269.0) | 6 (18%) | 9 (26%) | 1 (3%) |
Total | 1439.2 (292.2) * | 8 (23%) | 9 (26%) | 2 (6%) |
Variable | Heart Rate r (p-Value) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Functional Measure | Baseline | Change at 5 min | Change at 10 min |
Chair Stand † | 0.23(0.19) | −0.04(0.83) | −0.02(0.92) |
Arm Curls ‡ | 0.35 (0.05) | −0.13 (0.46) | −0.06 (0.73) |
Chair Sit and Reach ‡ | 0.16 (0.36) | 0.15 (0.39) | 0.15 (0.41) |
Back Scratch ‡ | −0.10 (0.58) | 0.24 (0.17) | 0.26 (0.14) |
Time Up and Go † | 0.15 (0.40) | −0.22 (0.21) | −0.28 (0.12) |
Six-min Walk ‡ | 0.02 (0.93) | 0.06 (0.74) | 0.06 (0.74) |
4. Discussion
4.1. Cardiovascular Responses during SCD
4.2. Relationship between Cardiovascular Responses and Physical Activity and Physical Fitness
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions and Clinical Implication
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Rogers, C.E.; Carlson, J.; Garver, K. Acute Cardiovascular Response to Sign Chi Do Exercise. Healthcare 2015, 3, 796-808. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030796
Rogers CE, Carlson J, Garver K. Acute Cardiovascular Response to Sign Chi Do Exercise. Healthcare. 2015; 3(3):796-808. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030796
Chicago/Turabian StyleRogers, Carol E., John Carlson, and Kayla Garver. 2015. "Acute Cardiovascular Response to Sign Chi Do Exercise" Healthcare 3, no. 3: 796-808. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030796