Adaptive Challenges Rising from the Life Context of African-American Caregiving Grandmothers with Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Theoretical Framework
2. Methods
2.1. Sample and Setting
2.2. Recruitment
2.3. Interviews
1. | Tell me what it’s like to be diabetic while raising your grandchildren? |
2. | How has your health changed since you started raising your grandchildren? |
3. | Your grandchildren are_______years old. Do their ages impact how manage your diabetes? |
4. | How do you know if your diabetes is better or worse? |
5. | What doesn’t help or makes it harder to manage your diabetes since raising your grandchildren? |
6. | What assists you with the management of your diabetes? |
Subsequent Interviews | |
1. | How has the caregiver role influenced how you check your blood sugar?
|
2. | How and why have these changes in self-management activities occurred? |
3. | What are your needs regarding checking your blood sugar? (Same self-management activities as above)? |
4. | Is there anything else that helps you manage your diabetes better? |
5. | Is there anything else that prevents you from managing your diabetes? |
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Preparation
Month | Activity | Rationale |
---|---|---|
1 | Interview to explore the lived experience of being diabetic and caring for grandchild | Previous study revealed that grandmothers wanted to discuss experiences as a caregiver before they were ready to discuss health. |
3 | Self-management interview & survey of self-management activities | Explore lived experience and identify self-management activities. |
5 | Provider visit followed by a focused interview with the grandmother about provider support | Observe interaction between provider & grand-mother. What topics were discussed? Was grand parenting role assessed & considered in the visit? Self-management discussed? In the interview, ask questions such as What was helpful, what was not? What were your goals for the visit? Were they met? |
7 | Same as month 3 | Same as month 3 with addition of asking about changes in self-management trajectory. |
9 | Same as month 5 | Same as month 5. |
11 | Same as month 3 | Same as month 7 |
12 | Synthesis interview | To explore any final comments and close relationship with participant |
2.6. Data Analysis
2.7. Scientific Rigor
Confirmability—freedom from unrecognized researcher biases
|
Dependability—the process of the study is consistent across researchers and settings
|
Credibility—authenticity and plausibility, or truth value of the results
|
Transferability—usefulness beyond the individual participants in the study
|
3. Results
3.1. Sample
Adaptive and Technical Challenges
3.2. Adaptive Challenges
Adaptive Challenges | Examples |
---|---|
Family upheaval |
|
Priority setting
|
|
Self-silencing & self-sacrifice |
|
Technical Challenge | Example |
Lack of Awareness |
|
3.2.1. Family Upheaval
3.2.2. Priority Setting
3.2.2.1. Difficulties Meeting Basic Needs
3.2.2.2. Competing Demands
3.2.3. Self-Silencing and Self-Sacrifice
3.3. Technical Challenge
3.4. Feasibility Results: Establishing Trust
3.5. Limitations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Carthron, D.; Bailey, D.E., Jr.; Anderson, R. Adaptive Challenges Rising from the Life Context of African-American Caregiving Grandmothers with Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Healthcare 2015, 3, 710-725. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030710
Carthron D, Bailey DE Jr., Anderson R. Adaptive Challenges Rising from the Life Context of African-American Caregiving Grandmothers with Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Healthcare. 2015; 3(3):710-725. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030710
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarthron, Dana, Donald E. Bailey, Jr., and Ruth Anderson. 2015. "Adaptive Challenges Rising from the Life Context of African-American Caregiving Grandmothers with Diabetes: A Pilot Study" Healthcare 3, no. 3: 710-725. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030710