Health Inequity in the Distribution of Diseases Among Adults in the City of Pécs, Hungary, 2024
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Participants
2.4. Variables
Operational Definitions
2.5. Data Sources
2.6. Study Size
2.7. Statistical Methods
2.8. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Variables
3.2. Descriptive Statistics
3.3. Inequity Analysis
3.3.1. Simple Measures of Inequity
3.3.2. Complex Measures of Inequity
Disease Proportion Based on Education
Disease Proportion Based on Employment
Disease Proportion Based on Apartment Ownership
4. Discussion
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease | Zip Codes Grouped by Education | Difference (Cat 5 − Cat 1) | Ratio (Cat 5/Cat 1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cat 1 | Cat 2 | Cat 3 | Cat 4 | Cat 5 | |||
Respiratory disease | 0.2288 | 0.2622 | 0.2451 | 0.2515 | 0.2378 | 0.009 | 1.0393 |
Circulatory disease | 0.3372 | 0.3551 | 0.3358 | 0.3581 | 0.2922 | −0.045 | 0.8665 |
Neoplasms | 0.0202 | 0.0247 | 0.0263 | 0.0281 | 0.0204 | 0.0002 | 1.0099 |
Zip codes grouped by Employment | |||||||
Cat 1 | Cat 2 | Cat 3 | Cat 4 | Cat 5 | |||
Respiratory disease | 0.2479 | 0.2568 | 0.2406 | 0.2500 | 0.2617 | 0.0138 | 1.0557 |
Circulatory disease | 0.3426 | 0.3676 | 0.3375 | 0.3362 | 0.3165 | −0.0261 | 0.9239 |
Neoplasms | 0.0275 | 0.0268 | 0.0234 | 0.0230 | 0.0202 | −0.0073 | 0.7352 |
Zip codes grouped by apartment ownership | |||||||
Cat 1 | Cat 2 | Cat 3 | Cat 4 | Cat 5 | |||
Respiratory disease | 0.2549 | 0.2479 | 0.2481 | 0.2712 | 0.2406 | −0.0143 | 0.9440 |
Circulatory disease | 0.3496 | 0.3732 | 0.3607 | 0.3360 | 0.3186 | −0.0310 | 0.9113 |
Neoplasms | 0.0300 | 0.0295 | 0.0243 | 0.0215 | 0.0215 | −0.0085 | 0.7163 |
Disease | Concentration Index | 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound | 95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory diseases | 0.0020 | −0.0199 | 0.0239 | 0.8610 |
Neoplasms | 0.0254 | −0.0283 | 0.0791 | 0.3683 |
Circulatory diseases | −0.0130 | −0.0421 | 0.0161 | 0.3955 |
Disease | Concentration Index | 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound | 95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory diseases | 0.0029 | −0.0183 | 0.0242 | 0.7914 |
Neoplasms | −0.0528 | −0.0975 | −0.0080 | 0.0345 * |
Circulatory diseases | −0.0148 | −0.0418 | 0.0123 | 0.3001 |
Disease | Concentration Index | 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound | 95% Confidence Interval Upper Bound | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory diseases | −0.0098 | −0.0303 | 0.0108 | 0.3654 |
Neoplasms | −0.0742 | −0.1102 | −0.0382 | 0.0010 * |
Circulatory diseases | −0.0280 | −0.0520 | −0.00389 | 0.0369 * |
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Gube, A.A.; Lohner, S.; Vitrai, J. Health Inequity in the Distribution of Diseases Among Adults in the City of Pécs, Hungary, 2024. Healthcare 2025, 13, 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060681
Gube AA, Lohner S, Vitrai J. Health Inequity in the Distribution of Diseases Among Adults in the City of Pécs, Hungary, 2024. Healthcare. 2025; 13(6):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060681
Chicago/Turabian StyleGube, Addisu Alemayehu, Szimonetta Lohner, and Jozsef Vitrai. 2025. "Health Inequity in the Distribution of Diseases Among Adults in the City of Pécs, Hungary, 2024" Healthcare 13, no. 6: 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060681
APA StyleGube, A. A., Lohner, S., & Vitrai, J. (2025). Health Inequity in the Distribution of Diseases Among Adults in the City of Pécs, Hungary, 2024. Healthcare, 13(6), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060681