Inflammatory Profile and Risk of Post-Intervention Infection in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis Markers
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Population
- Active infection or fever at admission;
- Autoimmune disease, active malignancy, or immunosuppressive therapy;
- Missing hs-cTn or inflammatory marker values at 24-h or 48-h post-PCI;
- Major complications (e.g., surgery and mechanical circulatory support) are likely to confound the inflammatory status.
2.3. Outcome Definition: In-Hospital Infection
- Bloodstream infection (BSI);
- Pneumonia;
- Urinary tract infection (UTI);
- Surgical site infection (SSI).
2.4. Index Test and Laboratory Assays
- Limit of detection: 3 ng/L;
- 99th-percentile URL: 14 ng/L;
- Coefficient of variation (CV) <10% at the URL.
- C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/dL);
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, mm/h);
- Leukocyte count (×103/µL);
- NT-proBNP (pg/mL).
2.5. Covariates and Confounding
- Demographics (age and sex);
- Clinical characteristics (ACS type, Killip class, diabetes, chronic kidney disease [eGFR], and hemodynamic shock);
- Procedural characteristics (vascular access site, number of stents, procedure duration, and contrast volume);
- Peri-procedural exposures (mechanical ventilation, central venous or urinary catheters, and prophylactic antibiotics).
2.6. Sample Size Considerations
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population and Flow
3.2. Demographics and Baseline Characteristics
3.3. Discrimination of hs-cTn48h for Infection
3.4. Troponin Distribution by Affected Coronary Artery
3.5. ROC Analysis: hs-cTn as a Predictor of Infectious Risk
3.6. Correlations Between hs-cTn and Systemic Biomarkers
- CRP: ρ = 0.126, p = 0.091;
- ESR: ρ = 0.119, p = 0.111;
- Fibrinogen: ρ = 0.134, p = 0.073;
- NT-proBNP: ρ = 0.232, p = 0.002.
4. Discussion
4.1. Possible Explanations
4.2. Study Limitations
4.3. Clinical Implications
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Infection (n = 9) | No Infection (n = 172) | Std. Diff |
---|---|---|---|
Gender, male | 6 (66.7%) | 113 (65.7%) | 0.02 |
Environment, urban | 5 (55.6%) | 0.07 | |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 64 ± 12 | 63 ± 11 | 0.09 |
Leukocytes at admission (×103/µL, mean ± SD) | 13.2 ± 4.8 | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 0.22 |
Neutrophils at admission (×103/µL, mean ± SD) | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 9.1 ± 3.8 | 0.16 |
Lymphocytes at admission (×103/µL, mean ± SD) | 3.4 ± 4.8 | 3.6 ± 5.0 | 0.04 |
hs-cTn at admission (ng/L, median [IQR]) | 2850 [1300–7500] | 3200 [1150–8600] | 0.11 |
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Buzle, A.M.; Pantea-Roșan, L.R.; Moisi, M.I.; Matache, P.; Ghitea, M.C.; Ghitea, E.C.; Gîtea, M.F.; Ghitea, T.C.; Popescu, M.I. Inflammatory Profile and Risk of Post-Intervention Infection in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis Markers. Healthcare 2025, 13, 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182371
Buzle AM, Pantea-Roșan LR, Moisi MI, Matache P, Ghitea MC, Ghitea EC, Gîtea MF, Ghitea TC, Popescu MI. Inflammatory Profile and Risk of Post-Intervention Infection in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis Markers. Healthcare. 2025; 13(18):2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182371
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuzle, Alexandra Manuela, Larisa Renata Pantea-Roșan, Mădălina Ioana Moisi, Priscilla Matache, Marc Cristian Ghitea, Evelin Claudia Ghitea, Maria Flavia Gîtea, Timea Claudia Ghitea, and Mircea Ioachim Popescu. 2025. "Inflammatory Profile and Risk of Post-Intervention Infection in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis Markers" Healthcare 13, no. 18: 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182371
APA StyleBuzle, A. M., Pantea-Roșan, L. R., Moisi, M. I., Matache, P., Ghitea, M. C., Ghitea, E. C., Gîtea, M. F., Ghitea, T. C., & Popescu, M. I. (2025). Inflammatory Profile and Risk of Post-Intervention Infection in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis Markers. Healthcare, 13(18), 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182371