Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Items for Evaluation of Oral Function
2.2.1. Speed of Tongue Movement from Side to Side
2.2.2. Maximum Tongue Pressure
2.2.3. Maximum Lip Pressure
2.2.4. Oral Diadochokinesis
2.2.5. Masticatory Performance
2.3. Index of Oral-Related QOL
2.4. Other Evaluation Items
2.5. Analysis Methods
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Relationship Between Each Factor and GOHAI Score
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Cutoff Value |
---|---|
Age | ≥75 y/65~74 y |
Number of remain teeth | ≥20/≤19 |
Tongue movement from side to side (sec) | ≥8.5/<8.5 |
Tongue pressure (kPa) | ≥30/<30 |
Lip pressure (kPa) | ≥2.6/<2.6 |
RSST (/30 s) | ≥3/≤2 |
Oral diadochokinesis /pa/ /ta/ /ka/ (/sec) | ≥6/≤5 |
Masticatory efficiency | ≥3/≤2 |
All (n = 143) | Male (n = 40) | Female (n = 103) | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean (SD), years | 76.4 | (6.4) | 76.4 | (5.7) | 76.4 | (6.3) | 0.99 | a |
Height | Mean (SD), cm | 156.4 | (8.3) | 165.5 | (6.3) | 153.1 | (6.1) | <0.01 | **a |
Weight | Mean (SD), kg | 59.7 | (11.1) | 66.4 | (10.6) | 57.2 | (10.2) | <0.01 | **a |
BMI | Mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.4 | (4.1) | 24.2 | (3.2) | 24.5 | (4.4) | 0.67 | a |
Number of remaining teeth | Mean (SD) | 18.2 | (9.2) | 17.6 | (8.4) | 18.5 | (9.5) | 0.65 | a |
GOHAI score | Median (QD) | 49.0 | (4.0) | 48.0 | (5.5) | 49.0 | (4.0) | 0.84 | a |
Denture wearer | n (%) | 61 | (42.7) | 21 | (52.5) | 40 | (38.8) | 0.14 | b |
Choking during meal | n (%) | 12 | (8.4) | 3 | (7.5) | 9 | (8.7) | 1.00 | c |
Sputum at meal | n (%) | 14 | (9.8) | 4 | (10.0) | 10 | (9.7) | 1.00 | c |
Mouth dryness at meal | n (%) | 19 | (13.3) | 5 | (12.5) | 14 | (13.6) | 0.86 | b |
Disease being treated | n (%) | 112 | (78.3) | 32 | (80.0) | 80 | (77.7) | 0.76 | b |
Regular medication | n (%) | 112 | (78.3) | 31 | (77.5) | 81 | (78.6) | 0.88 | b |
Regular exercise | n (%) | 129 | (90.2) | 36 | (90.0) | 93 | (90.3) | 1.00 | c |
Tooth brushing more than three times a day | n (%) | 71 | (49.7) | 15 | (37.5) | 56 | (54.3) | 0.02 | b |
Current smoking | n (%) | 8 | (5.6) | 5 | (12.5) | 3 | (2.9) | 0.04 | c |
Factor | Item | n | Median GOHAI Score | QD | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 65–74 y | 58 | 48.0 | 4.5 | 0.58 | a |
75+ y | 85 | 49.0 | 4.5 | |||
Sex | Male | 40 | 48.0 | 5.0 | 0.84 | a |
Female | 103 | 49.0 | 4.0 | |||
Denture wearer | yes | 61 | 48.0 | 5.0 | <0.01 | **a |
no | 82 | 51.0 | 4.5 | |||
Choking during meal | yes | 12 | 47.5 | 5.0 | 0.27 | a |
no | 131 | 49.0 | 4.0 | |||
Sputum at meal | yes | 14 | 48.0 | 4.5 | 0.71 | a |
no | 129 | 49.0 | 4.0 | |||
Mouth dryness at meal | yes | 19 | 48.0 | 3.0 | 0.70 | a |
no | 124 | 49.0 | 4.0 | |||
Number of remaining teeth | ≤19 | 63 | 48.0 | 5.0 | 0.04 | *a |
≥20 | 78 | 50.0 | 4.5 | |||
State of occlusal supporting area | A | 56 | 51.0 | 5.0 | 0.01 | *b |
(Eichner’s classification) | B | 54 | 47.0 | 5.5 | ||
C | 33 | 48.0 | 3.0 | |||
Tongue movement from side to side (sec) | <8.5 | 70 | 50.5 | 4.5 | 0.01 | *a |
≥8.5 | 73 | 48.0 | 5.0 | |||
Tongue pressure (kPa) | <30 | 80 | 48.0 | 4.0 | 0.90 | a |
≥30 | 63 | 49.0 | 3.5 | |||
Lip pressure (kPa) | <2.6 | 69 | 48.0 | 5.5 | 0.06 | a |
≥2.6 | 74 | 49.5 | 3.5 | |||
RSST (/30s) | ≤2 | 24 | 48.5 | 4.0 | 0.50 | a |
≥3 | 119 | 49.0 | 4.0 | |||
Oral diadochokinesis /pa/ (/sec) | ≤5 | 104 | 48.0 | 4.0 | 0.21 | a |
≥6 | 39 | 51.0 | 5.0 | |||
Oral diadochokinesis /ta/ (/sec) | ≤5 | 102 | 48.0 | 4.0 | 0.03 | *a |
≥6 | 41 | 52.0 | 5.5 | |||
Oral diadochokinesis /ka/ (/sec) | ≤5 | 114 | 48.0 | 4.5 | <0.01 | **a |
≥6 | 29 | 52.0 | 3.5 | |||
masticatory performance | ≤2 | 38 | 47.0 | 4.0 | 0.03 | *a |
≥3 | 105 | 50.0 | 4.5 |
Objective Variable | Explanatory Variable | B | p | Odds Radio | 95% [CI] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GOHAI score 12–44/45–60 | oral diadochokinesis /ka/ | 2.576 | 0.013 | 13.145 | 1.719–100.510 |
constant | −1.856 | 0.090 | 0.156 |
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Fukuda, M.; Izuno, H.; Sawada, M.; Ujihashi, T.; Takano, H.; Hori, S.; Okawa, J.; Ono, T.; Hori, K. Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111332
Fukuda M, Izuno H, Sawada M, Ujihashi T, Takano H, Hori S, Okawa J, Ono T, Hori K. Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan. Healthcare. 2025; 13(11):1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111332
Chicago/Turabian StyleFukuda, Masayo, Hiromi Izuno, Misao Sawada, Takako Ujihashi, Hinako Takano, Shoko Hori, Jumpei Okawa, Takahiro Ono, and Kazuhiro Hori. 2025. "Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan" Healthcare 13, no. 11: 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111332
APA StyleFukuda, M., Izuno, H., Sawada, M., Ujihashi, T., Takano, H., Hori, S., Okawa, J., Ono, T., & Hori, K. (2025). Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan. Healthcare, 13(11), 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111332