Next Article in Journal
Knowledge, Attitude, and Motivation Regarding Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Among Rehabilitation Specialists in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Previous Article in Journal
The Development and Evaluation of the Nursing Leadership Excellence in Practice Program (L-EPP)
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Healthcare
Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/healthcare13111299
healthcare-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Geographic Tongue: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Polish Patients

by
Zuzanna Ślebioda
1,*,
Julia Drożdżyńska
2,
Aleksandra Karpińska
2,
Aleksandra Krzyżaniak
2,
Marianna Kasperczak
2,
Natalia Tomoń
2,
Paulina Wiśniewska
2 and
Marzena Liliana Wyganowska
1
1
Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
2
Medical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2025, 13(11), 1299; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111299
Submission received: 1 May 2025 / Revised: 17 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 29 May 2025
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical course, demographic characteristics, and risk factors in Polish patients with geographic tongue (GT). Methods: The analysis was based on medical records of 100 patients with GT referred to the outpatient clinic of Poznań University of Medical Sciences (PUMS) from 2013 to 2023. Data regarding age, gender, medical history, habits, subjective complaints, clinical features, localization, histology, and treatment were considered. Results: Patients with GT constituted 11.3% of 887 individuals admitted to the outpatient clinic in the analyzed period. The female-to-male ratio was 52:48. The average age at diagnosis was 51.6 years. Thirteen patients reported smoking, and 2.0% admitted to consuming alcohol excessively. Subjective complaints were reported by 85.0% of patients and mainly included a burning sensation (57.0%), pain (39.0%), xerostomia (22.0%), bleeding (4.0%), and taste disturbance (3.0%), while 15.0% of GT patients were asymptomatic. Comorbidities were found in 76.0% of subjects with GT, and included cardiovascular disorders (37.0%), gastrointestinal and thyroid gland diseases (24.0% and 18.0%), and type II diabetes (15.0%). Psoriasis was observed in one case only. Conclusions: The frequency of GT in a Polish cohort of patients was high and comparable in both genders. The majority of participants reported subjective complaints, and most of the patients were non-smokers. Comorbidities were found in 76.0% of subjects with GT and mainly included cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. GT was often accompanied by other oral conditions, like candidiasis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and lichen planus. GT screening should include cardiovascular and gastrointestinal evaluation.
Keywords: geographic tongue; oral mucosa; oral pathology geographic tongue; oral mucosa; oral pathology

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ślebioda, Z.; Drożdżyńska, J.; Karpińska, A.; Krzyżaniak, A.; Kasperczak, M.; Tomoń, N.; Wiśniewska, P.; Wyganowska, M.L. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Geographic Tongue: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Polish Patients. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111299

AMA Style

Ślebioda Z, Drożdżyńska J, Karpińska A, Krzyżaniak A, Kasperczak M, Tomoń N, Wiśniewska P, Wyganowska ML. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Geographic Tongue: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Polish Patients. Healthcare. 2025; 13(11):1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111299

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ślebioda, Zuzanna, Julia Drożdżyńska, Aleksandra Karpińska, Aleksandra Krzyżaniak, Marianna Kasperczak, Natalia Tomoń, Paulina Wiśniewska, and Marzena Liliana Wyganowska. 2025. "Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Geographic Tongue: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Polish Patients" Healthcare 13, no. 11: 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111299

APA Style

Ślebioda, Z., Drożdżyńska, J., Karpińska, A., Krzyżaniak, A., Kasperczak, M., Tomoń, N., Wiśniewska, P., & Wyganowska, M. L. (2025). Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Geographic Tongue: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Polish Patients. Healthcare, 13(11), 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111299

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop