Psychometric Properties of the Body–Mind–Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. The Instrument
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
3.2. Validity and Reliability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Percent % | Cumulative Percent % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Males | 150 | 28.8 | 28.8 |
Females | 370 | 71.2 | 100 | |
Educational Level | Elementary School | 5 | 1 | 1 |
High School | 53 | 10.2 | 11.2 | |
Bachelor | 199 | 38.3 | 49.4 | |
M.Sc.–Ph.D. | 263 | 50.6 | 100 | |
Employment Status | Public Employment | 209 | 40.2 | 40.2 |
Private Employment | 137 | 26.3 | 66.5 | |
Private Practice | 72 | 13.8 | 80.4 | |
Unemployed | 63 | 12.1 | 92.5 | |
Student | 28 | 5.4 | 97.9 | |
Pensioner | 11 | 2.1 | 100 | |
Place of Residence | Large Urban Center | 303 | 58.3 | 58.3 |
District Town | 162 | 31.2 | 89.4 | |
Village/Small Town | 55 | 10.6 | 100 | |
Age group | 16–17 | 5 | 1.0 | 1 |
(yrs) | 18–24 | 34 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
25–54 | 316 | 60.8 | 68.0 | |
55–64 | 160 | 30.8 | 99.0 | |
65+ | 5 | 1.0 | 100.0 | |
Total | 520 | 100.0 |
Frequency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|
1—Rare/Seldom | 2—Occasionally/Sometimes | 3—Often/Always | |
Body | |||
# B1. I limit risky behaviors (i.e., driving fast, bungee jumping, parachuting, etc.). | 62 (11.9) | 120 (23.1) | 338 (65.0) |
B2. I maintain my fitness by exercising regularly and maintaining my weight. | 94 (18.1) | 244 (46.9) | 182 (35.0) |
B3. I have a reasonable amount of flexibility and do exercises that help maintain my range of motion. | 121 (23.3) | 247 (47.5) | 152 (29.2) |
B4. I use warm-up activities before exercising to help prevent injuries. | 128 (24.6) | 173 (33.3) | 219 (42.1) |
B5. I eat a variety of foods and consume the recommended number of servings from each food group. | 68 (13.1) | 213 (41.0) | 239 (46.0) |
B6. I eat a balanced diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. | 84 (16.2) | 261 (50.2) | 175 (33.7) |
B7. I participate in recreational sports or activities that help maintain my fitness. | 180 (34.6) | 215 (41.3) | 125 (24.0) |
# B8. I drink at least eight glasses of water a day. | 98 (18.8) | 169 (32.5) | 253 (48.7) |
# B9. I surround myself with physically healthy people. | 32 (6.2) | 299 (57.5) | 189 (36.3) |
Mind | |||
M10. I learn from my past life experiences. | 10 (1.9) | 153 (29.4) | 357 (68.7) |
# M11. I am open to new ideas. | 9 (1.7) | 98 (18.8) | 413 (79.4) |
M12. I learn from my mistakes and try to behave differently the next time. | 11 (2.1) | 122 (23.5) | 387 (74.4) |
M13. I talk with people rather than talk at people. | 16 (3.1) | 119 (22.9) | 385 (74.0) |
M14. I accept responsibility for my actions. | 11 (2.1) | 83 (16.0) | 426 (81.9) |
M15. I understand and accept the existence of cultural diversity and its contribution to the quality of life. | 12 (2.3) | 91 (17.5) | 417 (80.2) |
M16. I make good ethical decisions. | 13 (2.5) | 157 (30.2) | 350 (67.3) |
M17. I consider alternatives before making decisions. | 13 (2.5) | 118 (22.7) | 389 (74.8) |
M18. I focus on reality. | 14 (2.7) | 126 (24.2) | 380 (73.1) |
M19. I am flexible to changes and can maintain stability in my life in healthy ways. | 19 (3.7) | 235 (45.2) | 266 (51.2) |
M20. I have strong morals and healthy values. | 10 (1.9) | 117 (22.5) | 393 (75.6) |
M21. I learn from the mistakes of others. | 21 (4.0) | 218 (419) | 281 (54.0) |
M22. I have satisfying interpersonal relationships. | 16 (3.1) | 181 (34.8) | 323 (62.1) |
M23. I feel loved and supported by family and friends. | 17 (3.3) | 116 (22.3) | 387 (74.4) |
# M24. I am tolerant of others whether or not I approve of their behavior or beliefs. | 17 (3.3) | 204 (39.2) | 299 (57.5) |
M25. I set achievable goals for myself. | 21 (4.0) | 205 (39.4) | 294 (56.5) |
M26. I handle various social settings well. | 9 (1.7) | 212 (40.8) | 299 (57.5) |
M27. I analyze my thoughts (I think, question, and evaluate) before I act. | 14 (2.7) | 144 (27.7) | 362 (69.6) |
M28. I make the best of bad situations. | 17 (3.3) | 226 (43.5) | 277 (53.3) |
M29. I express my feelings with others and consider their feelings. | 34 (6.5) | 178 (34.2) | 308 (59.2) |
Spirit | |||
S30. I experience harmony within. | 52 (10.0) | 290 (55.8) | 178 (34.2) |
S31. I experience peace of mind. | 54 (10.4) | 278 (53.5) | 188 (36.2) |
S32. I am in touch with the soul within. | 45 (8.7) | 215 (41.3) | 260 (50) |
S33. I experience happiness within. | 38 (7.3) | 276 (53.1) | 206 (39.6) |
S34. I experience joy within. | 30 (5.8) | 265 (51.0) | 225 (43.3) |
S35. I experience self-satisfaction. | 31 (6.0) | 260 (50.0) | 229 (44.0) |
S36. I express my spirituality appropriately and in healthy ways. | 32 (6.2) | 230 (44.2) | 258 (49.6) |
S37. My spirituality helps me remain calm and strong and helps me to better deal with difficult times. | 32 (6.2) | 206 (39.6) | 282 (54.2) |
S38. I recognize the positive contribution faith can make to the quality of my life. | 61 (11.7) | 190 (36.5) | 269 (51.7) |
S39. I routinely undertake new experiences to enhance my spiritual health. | 54 (10.4) | 234 (45.0) | 232 (44.6) |
S40. I have a positive outlook on life. | 19 (3.7) | 197 (37.9) | 304 (58.5) |
S41. I am content with who I am. | 30 (5.8) | 223 (42.9) | 267 (51.3) |
S42. I know my purpose in life. | 62 (11.9) | 217 (41.7) | 241 (46.3) |
S43. I read some form of spiritual literature on a regular basis. | 163 (31.3) | 197 (37.9) | 160 (30.8) |
S44. I experience love of others and myself. | 24 (4.6) | 191 (36.7) | 305 (58.7) |
Models | χ2 | df | χ2/df | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR | AIC | BIC | CAIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st round | 2950.58 * | 899 | 3.28 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 313.26 | 351.97 | 361.07 |
2nd round | 2417.40 * | 662 | 3.65 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 257.54 | 291.15 | 299.05 |
3rd round | 1483.85 * | 653 | 2.29 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 166.79 | 205.92 | 215.12 |
Construct/Item | Beta | R2 | Error Variance | Construct/Item | Beta | R2 | Error Variance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body | |||||||
B2 | 0.77 * | 0.59 | 0.41 | M25 | 0.70 * | 0.49 | 0.51 |
B3 | 0.68 * | 0.46 | 0.54 | M26 | 0.75 * | 0.56 | 0.44 |
B4 | 0.71 * | 0.5 | 0.5 | M27 | 0.67 * | 0.45 | 0.55 |
B5 | 0.70 * | 0.49 | 0.51 | M28 | 0.75 * | 0.57 | 0.43 |
B6 | 0.72 * | 0.51 | 0.49 | M29 | 0.72 * | 0.51 | 0.49 |
B7 | 0.69 * | 0.48 | 0.52 | Spirit | |||
Mind | S30 | 0.74 * | 0.55 | 0.45 | |||
M10 | 0.72 * | 0.52 | 0.48 | S31 | 0.74 * | 0.55 | 0.45 |
M12 | 0.68 * | 0.47 | 0.53 | S32 | 0.69 * | 0.48 | 0.52 |
M13 | 0.74 * | 0.54 | 0.46 | S33 | 0.75 * | 0.57 | 0.43 |
M14 | 0.73 * | 0.53 | 0.47 | S34 | 0.74 * | 0.55 | 0.45 |
M15 | 0.72 * | 0.52 | 0.48 | S35 | 0.76 * | 0.58 | 0.42 |
M16 | 0.80 * | 0.63 | 0.37 | S36 | 0.72 * | 0.52 | 0.48 |
M17 | 0.71 * | 0.51 | 0.49 | S37 | 0.78 * | 0.61 | 0.39 |
M18 | 0.67 * | 0.44 | 0.56 | S38 | 0.74 * | 0.54 | 0.46 |
M19 | 0.66 * | 0.43 | 0.57 | S39 | 0.78 * | 0.61 | 0.39 |
M20 | 0.72 * | 0.51 | 0.49 | S40 | 0.69 * | 0.47 | 0.53 |
M21 | 0.71 * | 0.5 | 0.5 | S41 | 0.78 * | 0.61 | 0.39 |
M22 | 0.72 * | 0.52 | 0.48 | S42 | 0.72 * | 0.52 | 0.48 |
M23 | 0.63 * | 0.4 | 0.6 | S44 | 0.72 * | 0.51 | 0.49 |
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Mantsos, E.; Lyrakos, G.; Katsarou, D.V.; Zafeiroudi, A.; Giannousi, M.; Zisi, V. Psychometric Properties of the Body–Mind–Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population. Healthcare 2024, 12, 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040478
Mantsos E, Lyrakos G, Katsarou DV, Zafeiroudi A, Giannousi M, Zisi V. Psychometric Properties of the Body–Mind–Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population. Healthcare. 2024; 12(4):478. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040478
Chicago/Turabian StyleMantsos, Evangelos, Georgιos Lyrakos, Dimitra V. Katsarou, Aglaia Zafeiroudi, Maria Giannousi, and Vasiliki Zisi. 2024. "Psychometric Properties of the Body–Mind–Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population" Healthcare 12, no. 4: 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040478
APA StyleMantsos, E., Lyrakos, G., Katsarou, D. V., Zafeiroudi, A., Giannousi, M., & Zisi, V. (2024). Psychometric Properties of the Body–Mind–Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population. Healthcare, 12(4), 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040478