The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Instrument
2.2.1. Body Image
2.2.2. Symptom Experiences
2.2.3. Quality of Life
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Ethical Consideration
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics and Differences in Quality of Life
3.2. Degrees of Body Image, Symptom Experiences and Quality of Life
3.3. Correlations among Body Image, Symptom Experiences, and Quality of Life
3.4. Mediating Effect of Symptom Experiences between Body Image and Quality of Life
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Categories | n (%) | Mean ± SD | t or F (p-Value) | Scheffé |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 80 (52.3) | 2.94 ± 0.46 | −0.98 (0.331) | |
Female | 73 (47.7) | 3.02 ± 0.52 | |||
Age (yr) | ≤39 | 9 (5.8) | 3.05 ± 0.63 | 0.53 (0.711) | |
40~49 | 11 ( 7.2) | 2.85 ± 0.41 | |||
50~59 | 31 (20.3) | 2.93 ± 0.43 | |||
60~69 | 57 (37.3) | 2.98 ± 0.49 | |||
≥70 | 45 (29.4) | 3.05 ± 0.52 | |||
Marital status | Unmarried | 30 (19.6) | 2.82 ± 0.41 | 2.61 (0.077) | |
Married | 102 (66.7) | 3.04 ± 0.51 | |||
Others | 21 (13.7) | 2.91 ± 0.45 | |||
Religion | Yes | 72 (47.1) | 3.07 ± 0.51 | 2.17 (0.031) | |
No | 81 (52.9) | 2.90 ± 0.46 | |||
Education | ≤Elementary school | 37 (24.2) | 2.85 ± 0.46 | 2.43 (0.068) | |
Middle school | 30 (19.6) | 2.95 ± 0.55 | |||
High school | 54 (35.3) | 2.99 ± 0.44 | |||
≥College | 32 (20.9) | 3.16 ± 0.52 | |||
Occupation | Yes | 24 (15.7) | 3.29 ± 0.51 | 3.40 (0.001) | |
No | 129 (84.3) | 2.93 ± 0.47 | |||
Monthly family income (KRW 10,000) | <100 a | 63 (41.2) | 2.78 ± 0.45 | 10.62 (<0.001) | d,c > a |
100~199 b | 35 (22.9) | 2.95 ± 042 | |||
200~299 c | 19 (12.4) | 3.11 ± 0.51 | |||
≥300 d | 36 (23.5) | 3.30 ± 0.45 | |||
The person who helps the most | Spouse | 69 (45.1) | 3.05 ± 0.49 | 1.22 (0.305) | |
Parents | 18 (11.8) | 2.86 ± 0.40 | |||
Children | 36 (23.5) | 3.01 ± 0.52 | |||
Others | 21 (13.7) | 2.95 ± 0.52 | |||
None | 9 ( 5.9) | 2.73 ± 0.49 | |||
Regular exercise | Yes | 78 (51.0) | 3.03 ± 0.48 | 1.35 (0.180) | |
No | 75 (49.0) | 2.93 ± 0.50 | |||
Etiology CKD | Diabetes mellitus | 89 (58.2) | 2.85 ± 0.41 | 0.54 (0.613) | |
Hypertension | 47 (30.6) | 3.01 ± 0.61 | |||
Kidney stone | 7 (4.8) | 2.93 ± 0.43 | |||
Glomerulonephritis | 6 (4.0) | 2.91 ± 0.47 | |||
malignancy | 4 (2.4) | 2.95 ± 0.51 | |||
Comorbidity * | Yes | 94 (61.4) | 2.87 ± 0.47 | −3.71 (<0.001) | |
No | 59 (38.6) | 3.16 ± 0.48 | |||
Frequency of hemodialysis (week) | Twice | 37 (24.2) | 3.06 ± 0.43 | 1.17 (0.244) | |
Three times | 116 (75.8) | 2.96 ± 0.51 | |||
Hemodialysis periods(yr) | <2 | 40 (26.1) | 3.07 ± 0.46 | 1.12 (0.344) | |
2~4 | 46 (30.1) | 2.98 ± 0.51 | |||
4~9 | 44 (28.8) | 2.98 ± 0.53 | |||
≥10 | 23 (15.0) | 2.83 ± 0.44 | |||
Moisture removal amount (kg) | <1 | 13 ( 8.5) | 2.94 ± 0.30 | 1.15 (0.331) | |
1~1.9 | 26 (17.0) | 3.09 ± 0.61 | |||
2~2.9 | 75 (49.0) | 2.92 ± 0.47 | |||
≥3 | 39 (25.5) | 3.05 ± 0.50 | |||
Hospitalization experience in the past year | Yes | 61 (39.9) | 2.94 ± 0.49 | −0.96 (0.336) | |
No | 92 (60.1) | 3.01 ± 0.49 |
Variables | Mean ± SD | Min | Max | Possible Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body image | 2.88 ± 0.36 | 1.91 | 4.13 | 1–5 |
Emotional dimension | 2.67 ± 0.50 | 1.63 | 4.33 | 1–5 |
Cognitive–behavioral dimension | 3.02 ± 0.35 | 2.05 | 4.00 | 1–5 |
Symptom experiences | 0.96 ± 0.79 | 0.00 | 4.47 | 0–5 |
Physical symptoms | 0.94 ± 0.79 | 0.00 | 4.48 | 0–5 |
Emotional symptoms | 1.03 ± 0.98 | 0.00 | 4.44 | 0–5 |
Quality of life | 2.93 ± 0.46 | 2.04 | 4.31 | 1–5 |
Overall quality of life and general health | 2.55 ± 0.86 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1–5 |
Physical health domain | 2.94 ± 0.46 | 1.71 | 4.00 | 1–5 |
Psychological domain | 2.85 ± 0.52 | 1.67 | 4.33 | 1–5 |
Social relationships domain | 2.66 ± 0.78 | 1.00 | 4.67 | 1–5 |
Environmental domain | 3.19 ± 0.59 | 1.50 | 5.00 | 1–5 |
Variables | Body Image | Symptom Experiences | Quality of Life |
---|---|---|---|
r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |
Body image | 1 | ||
Symptom experiences | −0.18 (0.023) | 1 | |
Quality of life | 0.61 (<0.001) | −0.31 (<0.001) | 11 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptom Experiences | Quality of Life | |||||||
B | SE | t | p | B | SE | t | p | |
(Constant) | 60.66 | 12.28 | 4.94 | <0.001 | 1.25 | 0.28 | 4.39 | <0.001 |
Religion * (yes) | 1.40 | 2.79 | 0.50 | 0.617 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 1.33 | 0.185 |
Occupation * (yes) | 5.48 | 4.03 | 1.36 | 0.176 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 1.84 | 0.067 |
Monthly family income (KRW 100~199) | 0.57 | 3.62 | 0.156 | 0.876 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 1.29 | 0.200 |
Monthly family income (KRW 200~299) | 0.80 | 4.52 | 0.18 | 0.861 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 1.98 | 0.049 |
Monthly family income (≥KRW 300) | −0.47 | 3.87 | −0.12 | 0.903 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 3.12 | 0.002 |
Comorbidities (yes) | 8.40 | 2.96 | 2.84 | 0.005 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.91 | 0.367 |
Body image | −6.41 | 4.13 | −1.55 | 0.023 | 0.65 | 0.09 | 7.26 | <0.001 |
Symptom experiences | −0.01 | 0.01 | −3.00 | 0.003 | ||||
F(p) R2 (adj R2) d (du) | 2.01 (0.057) 0.090 (0.045) 1.96 (1.80) | 17.21 (<0.001) 0.49 (0.460) 2.05 (1.82) |
B | Boot SE | Boot 95%CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LLCI | ULCI | |||
Body image → Symptom experiences → Quality of life | 0.044 | 0.024 | 0.006 | 0.100 |
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Yang, Y. The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171779
Yang Y. The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171779
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yaki. 2024. "The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171779
APA StyleYang, Y. (2024). The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center. Healthcare, 12(17), 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171779