Polish Cystic Fibrosis Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Centre Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Cystic Fibrosis
1.2. Quality of Life and Health-Related Quality of Life
1.3. Cystic Fibrosis and Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Participants
2.4. Variables
2.5. Measurement
2.5.1. Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised
2.5.2. Medical Data and Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.6. Bias
2.7. Study Size
2.8. Quantitative Variables
2.9. Statistical Methods
- rho ≥ 0.8, Very strong;
- rho = 0.7–0.6, Moderately strong;
- rho = 0.5–0.3, Fair;
- rho < 0.3, Poor.
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Participants’ Quality of Life
3.3. Influence of the Quantitative Variables on Respondents’ Health-Related Quality of Life
3.4. Influence of the Spirometry Results on Respondents’ Health-Related Quality of Life
3.5. Influence of the Qualitative Characteristics on Respondents’ Health-Related Quality of Life
3.5.1. Multivariate and Univariate Analysis of Covariance for the Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life
3.5.2. Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients, Depending on Their Health Condition
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 47 | 59.5 |
Male | 32 | 40.5 | |
Gender distribution of participants | Boys * | 13 | 16.5 |
Men ** | 19 | 24.0 | |
Girls * | 12 | 15.2 | |
Women ** | 35 | 44.3 | |
Age | 6–11 | 10 | 12.7 |
12–13 | 7 | 8.9 | |
14–42 | 62 | 78.5 | |
Place of residence | Village | 55 | 69.6 |
City under 100,000 citizens | 18 | 22.8 | |
City over 100,000 citizens | 6 | 7.6 | |
Educational level | In high school | 38 | 48.1 |
High school | 31 | 39.2 | |
Vocational education | 4 | 5.1 | |
Higher education | 6 | 7.6 | |
Marital status ** | Single | 44 | 81.5 |
Married | 6 | 11.1 | |
Divorced | 4 | 7.4 | |
Health condition | Stable | 32 | 40.5 |
Exacerbations | 47 | 59.5 | |
COVID-19 pandemic | Before the pandemic | 37 | 46.8 |
During the pandemic | 42 | 53.2 |
HRQoL Domain | Age Group | Mean | Median | Interquartile Range | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Functioning | 6–11 | 88.27 | 88.89 | 16.67 | 72.22 | 100.00 |
12–13 | 81.25 | 83.33 | 19.44 | 66.67 | 100.00 | |
14+ | 63.17 | 66.67 | 45.83 | 12.50 | 100.00 | |
All | 67.86 | 75.00 | 45.84 | 12.50 | 100.00 | |
Vitality * | 14+ | 53.63 | 50.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Emotional Functioning | 6–11 | 79.17 | 83.33 | 16.67 | 66.67 | 87.50 |
12–13 | 77.08 | 77.09 | 18.75 | 62.50 | 87.50 | |
14+ | 67.20 | 73.33 | 26.67 | 0.00 | 100.00 | |
All | 69.57 | 73.33 | 23.33 | 0.00 | 100.00 | |
Eating Problems | 6–11 | 75.31 | 88.89 | 33.33 | 44.44 | 100.00 |
12–13 | 83.34 | 88.89 | 22.22 | 55.56 | 100.00 | |
14+ | 79.93 | 88.89 | 33.33 | 11.11 | 100.00 | |
All | 79.75 | 88.89 | 33.33 | 11.11 | 100.00 | |
Treatment Burden | 6–11 | 75.31 | 77.78 | 11.11 | 55.56 | 88.89 |
12–13 | 76.39 | 77.78 | 11.11 | 44.44 | 100.00 | |
14+ | 63.08 | 66.67 | 11.11 | 22.22 | 100.00 | |
All | 65.82 | 66.67 | 22.22 | 22.22 | 100.00 | |
Health Perceptions * | 14+ | 56.81 | 66.67 | 44.45 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Social Functioning | 6–11 | 60.32 | 61.90 | 4.76 | 47.62 | 71.43 |
12–13 | 61.91 | 61.91 | 28.57 | 38.10 | 85.71 | |
14+ | 63.71 | 63.89 | 22.22 | 22.22 | 100.00 | |
All | 63.14 | 61.90 | 22.22 | 22.22 | 100.00 | |
Body Image | 6–11 | 77.78 | 77.78 | 22.22 | 55.56 | 100.00 |
12–13 | 75.00 | 66.67 | 22.22 | 66.67 | 88.89 | |
14+ | 58.24 | 55.56 | 44.45 | 0.00 | 100.00 | |
All | 62.17 | 66.67 | 33.34 | 0.00 | 100.00 | |
Role Functioning * | 14+ | 72.85 | 75.00 | 25.00 | 33.33 | 100.00 |
Weight * | 14+ | 55.91 | 66.67 | 66.67 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Respiratory Symptoms | 6–11 | 81.48 | 83.33 | 8.33 | 66.67 | 100.00 |
12–13 | 79.17 | 83.33 | 25.01 | 50.00 | 100.00 | |
14+ | 66.67 | 66.67 | 22.22 | 16.67 | 100.00 | |
All | 69.62 | 72.22 | 22.22 | 16.67 | 100.00 | |
Digestive Symptoms | 6–11 | 62.04 | 66.67 | 33.34 | 33.33 | 100.00 |
12–13 | 75.00 | 66.67 | 23.57 | 33.33 | 100.00 | |
14+ | 82.44 | 83.34 | 33.33 | 44.44 | 100.00 | |
All | 79.36 | 77.78 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 100.00 |
HRQoL Domain | Weight [kg] | Height [cm] | BMI | Saturation | Heart Rate | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Functioning | −0.065 | −0.213 | 0.085 | 0.405 ** | −0.156 | −0.428 ** |
Vitality * | 0.053 | −0.063 | 0.048 | 0.140 | 0.062 | −0.319 ** |
Emotional Functioning | −0.040 | −0.143 | −0.075 | 0.016 | 0.095 | −0.113 |
Eating Problems | 0.447 ** | 0.228 ** | 0.429 ** | 0.143 | −0.042 | −0.068 |
Treatment Burden | −0.173 | −0.134 | −0.166 | 0.140 | −0.062 | −0.474 ** |
Health Perceptions * | 0.080 | 0.035 | −0.031 | 0.104 | 0.125 | −0.296 ** |
Social Functioning | 0.128 | 0.090 | 0.080 | −0.026 | 0.078 | −0.114 |
Body Image | 0.191 | −0.101 | 0.394 ** | 0.096 | −0.066 | −0.407 ** |
Role Functioning * | 0.229 | 0.095 | 0.127 | 0.165 | −0.031 | −0.261 ** |
Weight * | 0.358 ** | −0.112 | 0.537 ** | 0.092 | −0.030 | −0.280 ** |
Respiratory Symptoms | −0.045 | −0.103 | −0.038 | 0.324 ** | −0.061 | −0.447 ** |
Digestive Symptoms | 0.310 ** | 0.225 ** | 0.257 ** | −0.232 ** | 0.155 | 0.214 |
HRQoL Domain | VC% | FVC% | FEV1% | FEV1/FVC% | PEF% | MMEF% | MEF 25% | MEF 50% | MEF 75% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Functioning | 0.532 ** | 0.569 ** | 0.588 ** | 0.453 ** | 0.454 ** | 0.512 ** | 0.549 ** | 0.501 ** | 0.476 ** |
Vitality * | 0.253 ** | 0.269 ** | 0.229 | 0.130 | 0.022 | 0.146 | 0.228 | 0.212 | 0.043 |
Emotional Functioning | 0.062 | 0.055 | 0.055 | 0.043 | −0.064 | −0.028 | 0.039 | 0.037 | −0.041 |
Eating Problems | 0.149 | 0.173 | 0.141 | −0.004 | 0.063 | 0.055 | 0.048 | 0.034 | 0.023 |
Treatment Burden | 0.229 ** | 0.285 ** | 0.280 ** | 0.227 ** | 0.148 | 0.235 ** | 0.235 ** | 0.243 ** | 0.264 ** |
Health Perceptions * | 0.183 | 0.190 | 0.166 | 0.060 | 0.007 | 0.083 | 0.138 | 0.120 | 0.027 |
Social Functioning | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.048 | 0.035 | −0.027 | 0.010 | 0.039 | 0.019 | −0.035 |
Body Image | 0.242 ** | 0.320 ** | 0.346 ** | 0.254 ** | 0.167 | 0.260 ** | 0.331 ** | 0.284 ** | 0.236 ** |
Role Functioning * | 0.219 | 0.238 | 0.265 ** | 0.227 | 0.048 | 0.208 | 0.251 ** | 0.259 ** | 0.165 |
Weight * | 0.104 | 0.251 ** | 0.266 ** | 0.200 | 0.106 | 0.204 | 0.254 ** | 0.234 | 0.169 |
Respiratory Symptoms | 0.338 ** | 0.368 ** | 0.371 ** | 0.330 ** | 0.185 | 0.376 ** | 0.399 ** | 0.394 ** | 0.291 ** |
Digestive Symptoms | −0.112 | −0.140 | −0.158 | −0.171 | −0.179 | −0.225 ** | −0.142 | −0.208 | −0.253 ** |
HRQoL Domain | Male Sex | Village as the Place of Residence | Present Exacerbations | COVID-19 Pandemic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z | p Value | Z | p Value | Z | p Value | Z | p Value | |
Physical Functioning | 0.145 | 0.885 | 2.063 | 0.039 ** | −2.754 | 0.006 ** | −0.192 | 0.848 |
Vitality * | 1.787 | 0.074 | 1.347 | 0.178 | −2.764 | 0.006 ** | −0.556 | 0.578 |
Emotional Functioning | 0.201 | 0.841 | 0.568 | 0.570 | −0.898 | 0.369 | 1.046 | 0.295 |
Eating Problems | 0.072 | 0.943 | −0.132 | 0.895 | −1.686 | 0.092 | −0.948 | 0.343 |
Treatment Burden | 1.343 | 0.179 | 1.549 | 0.121 | −1.649 | 0.099 | 2.137 | 0.033 ** |
Health Perceptions * | 0.989 | 0.323 | 1.241 | 0.214 | −3.045 | 0.002 ** | 0.387 | 0.699 |
Social Functioning | 0.401 | 0.688 | 0.289 | 0.773 | −2.150 | 0.032 ** | 2.102 | 0.036 ** |
Body Image | 0.580 | 0.562 | 2.676 | 0.007 ** | −2.446 | 0.014 ** | 0.422 | 0.673 |
Role Functioning * | 1.427 | 0.154 | 1.623 | 0.105 | −2.031 | 0.042 ** | 0.542 | 0.588 |
Weight * | −0.603 | 0.546 | 0.132 | 0.895 | −2.944 | 0.003 ** | −1.161 | 0.245 |
Respiratory Symptoms | 1.925 | 0.054 | 2.236 | 0.025 ** | −2.336 | 0.020 ** | −0.108 | 0.914 |
Digestive Symptoms | 0.738 | 0.460 | 0.512 | 0.608 | 1.224 | 0.221 | 1.179 | 0.238 |
Model | Wilks λ | F | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 0.29 | 42.75 | 0.000 * |
FVC% | 0.94 | 1.12 | 0.354 |
FEV1% | 0.98 | 0.38 | 0.825 |
Health condition (stable–exacerbations) | 0.88 | 2.42 | 0.057 ** |
Place of residence (village–city) | 0.91 | 1.78 | 0.142 |
COVID-19 (before pandemic–during pandemic) | 0.88 | 2.36 | 0.061 |
Model | F | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Physical Functioning | Intercept | 5.36 | 0.023 |
FVC% | 0.94 | 0.336 | |
FEV1% | 1.11 | 0.296 | |
Health condition (stable–exacerbations) | 0.41 | 0.523 | |
Place of residence (village–city) | 0.81 | 0.371 | |
COVID-19 (before pandemic–during pandemic) | 0.41 | 0.524 | |
Social Functioning | Intercept | 155.10 | 0.000 |
FVC% | 0.78 | 0.381 | |
FEV1% | 0.04 | 0.842 | |
Health condition (stable–exacerbations) | 8.32 | 0.005 * | |
Place of residence (village–city) | 0.37 | 0.546 | |
COVID-19 (before pandemic–during pandemic) | 5.89 | 0.018 * | |
Body Image | Intercept | 34.30 | 0.000 * |
FVC% | 0.45 | 0.506 | |
FEV1% | 0.02 | 0.901 | |
Health condition (stable–exacerbations) | 3.22 | 0.077 | |
Place of residence (village–city) | 5.60 | 0.021 * | |
COVID-19 (before pandemic–during pandemic) | 0.05 | 0.823 | |
Respiratory Symptoms | Intercept | 23.03 | 0.000 * |
FVC% | 1.28 | 0.262 | |
FEV1% | 0.07 | 0.799 | |
Health condition (stable–exacerbations) | 1.31 | 0.257 | |
Place of residence (village–city) | 3.47 | 0.066 | |
COVID-19 (before pandemic–during pandemic) | 0.09 | 0.764 |
HRQoL Domain | Median | Interquartile Range | Minimum | Maximum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stable | EX | Stable | EX | Stable | EX | Stable | EX | |
Physical Functioning | 81.25 | 62.50 | 26.39 | 41.66 | 25.00 | 12.50 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Vitality * | 66.67 | 50.00 | 33.33 | 33.34 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 83.33 |
Emotional Functioning | 73.33 | 73.33 | 25.42 | 26.67 | 40.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Eating Problems | 94.45 | 77.78 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 44.44 | 11.11 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Treatment Burden | 66.67 | 66.67 | 11.11 | 22.22 | 44.44 | 22.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Health Perceptions * | 77.78 | 55.56 | 33.34 | 33.34 | 22.22 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Social Functioning | 64.29 | 61.11 | 26.19 | 16.67 | 38.10 | 22.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Body Image | 66.67 | 55.56 | 33.33 | 44.45 | 22.22 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Role Functioning * | 83.33 | 66.67 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 41.67 | 33.33 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Weight * | 66.67 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 33.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Respiratory Symptoms | 77.78 | 66.67 | 27.78 | 22.22 | 16.67 | 22.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Digestive Symptoms | 72.23 | 88.89 | 23.61 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
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Humaj-Grysztar, M.; Rachel, M.; Bonior, J. Polish Cystic Fibrosis Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Centre Study. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121183
Humaj-Grysztar M, Rachel M, Bonior J. Polish Cystic Fibrosis Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Centre Study. Healthcare. 2024; 12(12):1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121183
Chicago/Turabian StyleHumaj-Grysztar, Magdalena, Marta Rachel, and Joanna Bonior. 2024. "Polish Cystic Fibrosis Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Centre Study" Healthcare 12, no. 12: 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121183
APA StyleHumaj-Grysztar, M., Rachel, M., & Bonior, J. (2024). Polish Cystic Fibrosis Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Centre Study. Healthcare, 12(12), 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121183