Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Population
2.3. Sampling
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Participants’ Socio-Demographic Profile
2.4.2. The Social Capital Scale
2.4.3. Knowledge and Use of Tests
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Ethical Considerations
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Sociodemographic Profile
3.2. Knowledge and Use of Gynecological Preventive Services and PAP Smear Test
3.3. Differences in Social Capital Scores between the Two Groups
3.4. Social Capital’s Association with Knowledge and Use of Preventive Services
4. Discussion
4.1. Knowledge and Adherence to CC Preventive Test
4.2. Association of Socio-Demographic Characteristics to the Use of CC Preventive Services
4.3. Correlation of Social Capital to the Use of CC Preventive Services
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | Field of Study | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables’ Categories | Social Work (n = 49) | Nursing (n = 51) | p | |||
n | % | n | % | |||
Year of Study | 2nd (n = 44) | 20 | 45.5 | 24 | 54.5 | 0.138 |
3rd (n = 31) | 12 | 38.7 | 19 | 61.3 | ||
4th (n = 5) | 4 | 80.0 | 1 | 20.0 | ||
>4th (n = 20) | 13 | 65.0 | 7 | 35.0 | ||
Marital Status | Single (n = 99) | 45 | 91.8 | 44 | 86.3 | 0.374 |
In relation (n = 11) | 4 | 8.2 | 7 | 13.7 | ||
Family Income (per month) (€) | <500 (n = 72) | 35 | 71.4 | 37 | 72.5 | 0.699 |
500–1000 (n = 20) | 9 | 18.4 | 11 | 21.6 | ||
>1000 (n = 8) | 5 | 10.2 | 3 | 5.9 | ||
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 22.2 (2.0) | 22.2 (2.0) | 0.502 |
Knowledge and Use Variables | Variables’ Categories | Field of Study | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Social | Nursing | |||
Work | ||||
n (%) | n (%) | p | ||
Have you ever visited a gynecologist? | No (n = 16) | 6 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | 0.315 |
Yes (84) | 43 (51.2) | 41 (48.8) | ||
Have you been informed about how a PAP test is performed? | Not at all (n = 1) | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0.381 |
A little (n = 17) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | ||
A lot (n = 82) | 38 (46.3) | 44 (53.7) | ||
How often does your doctor suggest a PAP test (in years) | 1/2 (n = 3) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 0.621 |
1 (n = 76) | 34 (44.7) | 42 (55.3) | ||
2 (n = 5) | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | ||
Knowledge of existing gynecological cancer preventive services? | No (n = 12) | 8 (66.7) | 4 (33.3) | 0.192 |
Yes (n = 88) | 41 (46.6) | 47 (53.4) | ||
Have you ever done a PAP test? | No (n = 18) | 4 (22.2) | 14 (77.8) | 0.026 |
Yes (n = 70) | 36 (51.4) | 34 (48.6) |
Social Capital Total Scales and Subscales | No of Items | Mean | 95%CI | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC-31 * | 31 | 73.1 | 71.6–74.6 | 50.0 | 89.0 |
SC-36 ** | 36 | 75.7 | 73.8–77.7 | 50.0 | 104.0 |
Value of life | 12 | 34.6 | 33.8–35.5 | 25.0 | 44.0 |
Participation in the local community | 12 | 20.7 | 19.9–21.6 | 13.0 | 31.0 |
Feelings of safety | 2 | 5.8 | 5.5–6.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
Family and friend connections | 2 | 4.9 | 4.6–5.1 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
Tolerance of diversity | 2 | 5.5 | 5.2–5.8 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
Work connections | 3 | 14.4 | 12.8–16.1 | 6.0 | 20.0 |
Social Capital Total Scales and Subscales | Field of Study | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Work | Nursing | ||||
Mean SD | Mean SD | p | |||
SC-31 * | 73.4 | 7.9 | 72.8 | 6.9 | 0.656 |
SC-36 ** | 76.4 | 10.2 | 75.1 | 9.5 | 0.516 |
Value of Life | 34.8 | 4.6 | 34.4 | 4.2 | 0.644 |
Participation in the local community | 20.2 | 3.8 | 21.2 | 4.6 | 0.266 |
Feelings of safety | 5.7 | 1.3 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 0.485 |
Family and friend connections | 5.0 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 0.346 |
Tolerance of diversity | 5.9 | 1.6 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 0.004 |
Work connections | 14.3 | 4.0 | 14.6 | 2.6 | 0.846 |
T Social Capital Total Scales and Subscales | Year of Studies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd Year | 3rd Year | 4th Year | >4th Year | p | |
SC-31 * | 74.0 (6.8) | 72.5 (6.7) | 79.2 (7.7) | 70.7 (8.9) | 0.091 |
SC-36 ** | 76.5 (8.7) | 73.8 (8.8) | 82.6 (12.2) | 75.2 (12.8) | 0.274 |
Value of life | 34.9 (4.8) | 34.1 (3.8) | 36.2 (4.4) | 34.6 (4.3) | 0.747 |
Participation in the local community | 20.7 (4.2) | 20.8 (4.2) | 24.6 (3.0) | 19.8 (4.4) | 0.156 |
Feelings of safety | 6.0 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.4 (2.1) | 5.7 (1.5) | 0.173 |
Family and friend connections | 4.9 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.0) | 5.4 (1.7) | 4.8 (1.1) | 0.782 |
Tolerance of diversity | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.3) | 6.2 (2.5) | 4.6 (1.6) | 0.011 |
Work connections | 13.9 (4.5) | 14.0 (2.6) | 17.0 (-) | 15.0 (2.2) | 0.826 |
Social Capital Total Scales and Subscales | Have You Ever Visited a Gynecologist? | ||
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p | |
SC-31 * | 73.7 (7.8) | 73.0 (7.4) | 0.735 |
SC-36 ** | 75.6 (7.7) | 75.7 (10.3) | 0.948 |
Value of life | 35.3 (4.6) | 34.5 (4.3) | 0.537 |
Participation in the local community | 19.8 (4.0) | 20.9 (4.3) | 0.350 |
Feelings of safety | 6.1 (1.1) | 5.7 (1.2) | 0.188 |
Family and friend connections | 5.1 (1.6) | 4.8 (1.2) | 0.524 |
Tolerance of diversity | 5.6 (1.8) | 5.5 (1.4) | 0.736 |
Work connections | 15.0 (1.4) | 14.4 (3.6) | 0.813 |
T Social Capital Total Scales and Subscales | Gynecological Cancer Prevention Services | ||
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p | |
SC-31 * | 73.6 (5.6) | 73.0 (7.6) | 0.815 |
SC-36 ** | 75.9 (5.9) | 75.7 (10.3) | 0.939 |
Value of life | 35.9 (4.0) | 34.5 (4.4) | 0.277 |
Participation in the local community | 19.4 (3.8) | 20.9 (4.3) | 0.257 |
Feelings of safety | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.8 (1.3) | 0.429 |
Family and friends connections | 5.7 (1.4) | 4.8 (1.2) | 0.018 |
Tolerance of diversity | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.5) | 0.856 |
Work connections | 14.0 (2.8) | 14.5 (3.5) | 0.85 |
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Moudatsou, M.; Vouyiouka, P.; Karagianni-Hatziskou, E.; Rovithis, M.; Stavropoulou, A.; Koukouli, S. Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061140
Moudatsou M, Vouyiouka P, Karagianni-Hatziskou E, Rovithis M, Stavropoulou A, Koukouli S. Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students. Healthcare. 2022; 10(6):1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061140
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoudatsou, Maria, Panayiota Vouyiouka, Eleni Karagianni-Hatziskou, Michael Rovithis, Areti Stavropoulou, and Sofia Koukouli. 2022. "Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students" Healthcare 10, no. 6: 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061140
APA StyleMoudatsou, M., Vouyiouka, P., Karagianni-Hatziskou, E., Rovithis, M., Stavropoulou, A., & Koukouli, S. (2022). Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students. Healthcare, 10(6), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061140