Comparison of Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE) Pass Rates by Institution and Applicant Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Alhamoudi, A.; Alnattah, A. Pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: The past, the present, and the future. Curr. Pharm. Teach. Learn. 2018, 10, 54–60. [Google Scholar]
- Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia). Statistical Yearbook. Available online: https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx (accessed on 14 January 2022).
- Saudi Commission For Health Specialties. Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination Applicant Guide. 2019. Available online: https://www.scfhs.org.sa/examinations/TrainingExams/OverallEntranceExam/Documents/SPLE%20Applicant%20Guide.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2022).
- Newton, D.W.; Boyle, M.; Catizone, C.A. The NAPLEX: Evolution, purpose, scope, and educational implications. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2008, 72, 33. [Google Scholar]
- Jimenez, L.; Ruiz, N.; Benavides, S.; Deb, S.; Caballero, J.; Parmar, J. Comparison of NAPLEX pass rates for non-modifiable determinants of pharmacy programs in the United States. Curr. Pharm. Teach. Learn. 2019, 11, 1117–1122. [Google Scholar]
- Williams, J.S.; Spivey, C.A.; Hagemann, T.M.; Phelps, S.J.; Chisholm-Burns, M. Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2019, 83, 6875. [Google Scholar]
- McCall, K.L.; MacLaughlin, E.J.; Fike, D.S.; Ruiz, B. Preadmission predictors of PharmD graduates’ performance on the NAPLEX. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2007, 7, 5. [Google Scholar]
- Chisholm-Burns, M.A.; Spivey, C.A.; Byrd, D.C.; McDonough, S.L.K.; Phelps, S.J. Examining the Association Between the NAPLEX, Pre-NAPLEX, and Pre- and Post-admission Factors. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2017, 81, 86. [Google Scholar]
- Park, S.K.; Phillips, J.; Pavuluri, N. Systematic Review of Predictors of Success for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2021, 85, 8591. [Google Scholar]
- Alhifany, A.A.; Almalki, F.A.; Alatawi, Y.M.; Basindowh, L.A.; Almajnoni, S.S.; Elrggal, M.E.; Alotaibi, A.F.; Abuhussain, S.S.A.; Almangour, T.A. Association between graduates’ factors and success rate on the Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination: A single-Institution cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm. J. 2020, 28, 1830–1833. [Google Scholar]
- Saudi Commission For Health Specialties. License Exam Summary—Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination. Available online: https://public.scfhs.org.sa (accessed on 8 December 2021).
- Ministry of Higher Education (Saudi Arabia). Institutions of Higher Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2012. Available online: https://hesc.moe.gov.sa/DCFiles/Universities-Guide.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2022).
- Lebovitz, L.; Shuford, V.P.; DiVall, M.V.; Daugherty, K.K.; Rudolph, M.J. Creating an Arms Race? Examining School Costs and Motivations for Providing NAPLEX and PCOA Preparation. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2017, 81, 5909. [Google Scholar]
- Alkhazim, M.A. Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities Missed. High Educ. Policy 2003, 16, 479–486. [Google Scholar]
- Ministry of Finance (Saudi Arabia). Budget Statement 2019. Available online: https://www.mof.gov.sa/en/financialreport/budget2019/Documents/Budget%20Statement%202019.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2022).
- National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination—Passing Rates for 2018—2020 Graduates Per Pharmacy School. Available online: https://nabp.pharmacy/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NAPLEX-Pass-Rates-2020.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2022).
- National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. NAPLEX Competency Statements. Available online: https://nabp.pharmacy/programs/examinations/naplex/competency-statements-2021 (accessed on 14 January 2022).
Characteristic | Number of Applicants, n (%) (n = 2284) |
---|---|
Year | |
2019 | 1302 (57.0) |
2020 | 982 (43.0) |
Sex | |
Male | 895 (39.2) |
Female | 1389 (60.8) |
COP establishment year | |
2006 or earlier | 1248 (54.6) |
after 2006 | 1036 (45.4) |
Institution type | |
Public | 2006 (87.8) |
Private | 278 (12.2) |
University region | |
Riyadh | 756 (33.1) |
Mecca | 494 (21.6) |
Eastern | 271 (11.9) |
Qassim | 215 (9.4) |
Jizan | 171 (7.5) |
Asir | 167 (7.3) |
Medina | 71 (3.1) |
Northern Borders | 49 (2.2) |
Albaha | 36 (1.6) |
Tabuk | 21 (0.9) |
Hail | 17 (0.7) |
Jouf | 9 (0.4) |
Najran | 7 (0.3) |
Characteristic | 2019 | 2020 | Combined (2019 and 2020) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pass Rate | p-Value * | Pass Rate | p-Value * | Pass Rate | p-Value * | |
Year | ||||||
2019 | NA | NA | 95.9 | 0.0062 | ||
2020 | 98.0 | |||||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 95.1 | 0.2640 | 96.5 | 0.0037 | 95.8 | 0.0221 |
Female | 96.4 | 99.1 | 97.5 | |||
Institution type | ||||||
Public | 96.3 | 0.0590 | 98.2 | 0.2470 | 97.1 | 0.0628 |
Private | 92.7 | 96.8 | 95.0 | |||
COP establishment year | ||||||
2006 or before | 97.7 | 0.0004 | 98.7 | 0.0610 | 98.2 | <0.0001 |
after 2006 | 93.8 | 97.0 | 95.2 |
Characteristic | 2019 | 2020 | Combined (2019, 2020) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Year, 2020 | NA | NA | 2.2 (1.3–3.6) | 0.0043 | ||
Sex, male | - | 0.25 (0.09–0.68) | 0.0071 | 0.50 (0.31–0.80) | 0.0042 | |
COP establishment, >2006 | 2.8 (1.6–5.1) | 0.0007 | - | 2.9 (1.7–4.8) | <0.0001 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Alghamdi, W.A.; Almeleebia, T.M.; Orayj, K.M. Comparison of Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE) Pass Rates by Institution and Applicant Characteristics. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101865
Alghamdi WA, Almeleebia TM, Orayj KM. Comparison of Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE) Pass Rates by Institution and Applicant Characteristics. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101865
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlghamdi, Wael A., Tahani M. Almeleebia, and Khalid M. Orayj. 2022. "Comparison of Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE) Pass Rates by Institution and Applicant Characteristics" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101865