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Volume 12
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10.3390/math12223599
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Article

Polarization Division Multiplexing CV-QKD with Pilot-Aided Polarization-State Sensing

by
Zicong Tan
1,2,
Tao Wang
1,2,3,*,
Yuehan Xu
1,2,
Xu Liu
1,2,
Lang Li
1,2,
Beibei Zhang
1,2,
Yuchao Liu
1,2,
Peng Huang
1,2,3 and
Guihua Zeng
1,2,3
1
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center of Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Hefei National Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China
3
Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2024, 12(22), 3599; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223599
Submission received: 15 October 2024 / Revised: 14 November 2024 / Accepted: 15 November 2024 / Published: 17 November 2024
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Abstract

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) with local local oscillator (LLO) is well-studied for its security and simplicity, but enhancing performance and interference resistance remains challenging. In this paper, we utilize polarization division multiplexing (PDM) to enhance spectral efficiency and significantly increase the key rate of the CV-QKD system. To address dynamic changes in the state of polarization (SOP) in Gaussian modulated coherent states (GMCS) signals due to polarization impairment effects, we designed a time-division multiplexing pilot scheme to sense and recover changes in SOP in GMCS signals, along with other digital signal processing methods. Experiments over 20 km show that our scheme maintains low excess noise levels (0.062 and 0.043 in shot noise units) and achieves secret key rates of 4.65 Mbps and 5.66 Mbps for the two polarization orientations, totaling 10.31 Mbps. This work confirms the effectiveness of PDM GMCS-CV-QKD and offers technical guidance for high-rate QKD within metropolitan areas.
Keywords: continuous-variable; quantum key distribution; polarization-division multiplexing; polarization-state sensing continuous-variable; quantum key distribution; polarization-division multiplexing; polarization-state sensing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tan, Z.; Wang, T.; Xu, Y.; Liu, X.; Li, L.; Zhang, B.; Liu, Y.; Huang, P.; Zeng, G. Polarization Division Multiplexing CV-QKD with Pilot-Aided Polarization-State Sensing. Mathematics 2024, 12, 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223599

AMA Style

Tan Z, Wang T, Xu Y, Liu X, Li L, Zhang B, Liu Y, Huang P, Zeng G. Polarization Division Multiplexing CV-QKD with Pilot-Aided Polarization-State Sensing. Mathematics. 2024; 12(22):3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223599

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tan, Zicong, Tao Wang, Yuehan Xu, Xu Liu, Lang Li, Beibei Zhang, Yuchao Liu, Peng Huang, and Guihua Zeng. 2024. "Polarization Division Multiplexing CV-QKD with Pilot-Aided Polarization-State Sensing" Mathematics 12, no. 22: 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223599

APA Style

Tan, Z., Wang, T., Xu, Y., Liu, X., Li, L., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Huang, P., & Zeng, G. (2024). Polarization Division Multiplexing CV-QKD with Pilot-Aided Polarization-State Sensing. Mathematics, 12(22), 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12223599

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