Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Educational Policy and Theoretical Background
2.1. Regional Disparities in the Non-Formal Education System
2.2. Cultural Education and Participation
3. Methods and Analyses
3.1. Data and Operationalisation
3.2. Analyses
3.2.1. Associations
3.2.2. Courses
4. Results
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MA1 | MA2 | MA3 | MA4 | MA5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of Periphery (ref. Very Central) | |||||
Central | 0.524 * | 0.558 * | 1.078 * | −0.216 | |
(0.228) | (0.217) | (0.454) | (0.871) | ||
Peripheral | 0.849 ** | 0.926 *** | 1.525 ** | 1.070 | |
(0.283) | (0.273) | (0.557) | (0.856) | ||
Very Peripheral | 0.728 | 0.796 | 1.542 | 0.964 | |
(0.482) | (0.464) | (1.211) | (1.114) | ||
Dept p.c. | −0.131 | −0.143 | −0.0115 | −0.132 | |
(0.081) | (0.078) | (0.117) | (0.077) | ||
GDP | 0.004 | −0.000 | 0.002 | −0.029 | |
(0.041) | (0.039) | (0.0391) | (0.0853) | ||
East (ref. West) | −0.206 | −0.162 | −0.162 | −0.174 | |
(0.211) | (0.211) | (0.212) | (0.212) | ||
Female (ref. Male) | 0.642 *** | 0.644 *** | 0.645 *** | ||
(0.140) | (0.140) | (0.140) | |||
Upper Secondary (ref. Other) | 0.045 | 0.023 | 0.023 | ||
(0.164) | (0.164) | (0.164) | |||
CASMIN | 0.062 | 0.064 | 0.062 | ||
(0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | |||
First/Second Gen. Immigrant (ref. Other) | 0.207 | 0.184 | 0.199 | ||
(0.263) | (0.263) | (0.262) | |||
HH Size | 0.134 ** | 0.134 ** | 0.135 ** | ||
(0.045) | (0.045) | (0.045) | |||
Religious (ref. No) | 0.423 * | 0.419 * | 0.394 * | ||
(0.192) | (0.192) | (0.192) | |||
Central # Dept p.c. | −0.213 | ||||
(0.173) | |||||
Peripheral # Dept p.c. | −0.247 | ||||
(0.212) | |||||
Very Peripheral # Dept p.c. | −0.280 | ||||
(0.421) | |||||
Central # GDP | 0.104 | ||||
(0.102) | |||||
Peripheral # GDP | −0.054 | ||||
(0.110) | |||||
Very Peripheral # GDP | −0.087 | ||||
(0.209) | |||||
Constant | −1.840 *** | −1.945 *** | −3.634 *** | −3.997 *** | −3.366 *** |
(0.0982) | (0.475) | (0.577) | (0.626) | (0.910) | |
Random-Effects Parameters | |||||
var(Constant) | 0.374 | 0.270 | 0.186 | 0.164 | 0.157 |
(0.134) | (0.113) | (0.101) | 0.098 | (0.097) | |
Observations | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 |
ICC | 0.102 | 0.075 | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.046 |
MB1 | MB2 | MB3 | MB4 | MB5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of Periphery (ref. Very Central) | |||||
Central | 0.0171 | 0.360 | −0.123 | −0.586 | |
(0.311) | (0.274) | (0.566) | (0.990) | ||
Peripheral | −0.292 | 0.134 | 0.406 | 0.107 | |
(0.400) | (0.366) | (0.736) | (0.986) | ||
Very Peripheral | −0.412 | −0.077 | −1.642 | −2.161 | |
(0.697) | (0.600) | (1.718) | (1.491) | ||
Dept p.c. | −0.069 | −0.055 | −0.120 | −0.077 | |
(0.110) | (0.098) | (0.136) | (0.0981) | ||
GDP | −0.009 | −0.004 | −0.009 | −0.064 | |
(0.055) | (0.051) | (0.051) | (0.094) | ||
East (ref. West) | 0.472 * | 0.476 * | 0.462 * | 0.479 * | |
(0.197) | (0.205) | (0.205) | (0.205) | ||
Female (ref. Male) | 0.774 *** | 0.766 *** | 0.768 *** | ||
(0.150) | (0.150) | (0.150) | |||
Upper Secondary (ref. Other) | 1.815 *** | 1.832 *** | 1.842 *** | ||
(0.266) | (0.267) | (0.268) | |||
CASMIN | 0.351 *** | 0.351 *** | 0.349 *** | ||
(0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | |||
First/Second Gen. Immigrant (ref. No/Other) | 0.356 | 0.366 | 0.357 | ||
(0.285) | (0.285) | (0.285) | |||
HH Size | −0.010 | −0.008 | −0.009 | ||
(0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | |||
Religious (ref. No) | 0.293 | 0.298 | 0.261 | ||
(0.201) | (0.201) | (0.201) | |||
Central # Dept p.c. | 0.209 | ||||
(0.215) | |||||
Peripheral # Dept p.c. | −0.160 | ||||
(0.289) | |||||
Very Peripheral # Dept p.c. | 0.577 | ||||
(0.571) | |||||
Central # GDP | 0.120 | ||||
(0.118) | |||||
Peripheral # GDP | −0.049 | ||||
(0.136) | |||||
Very Peripheral # GDP | 0.452 | ||||
(0.282) | |||||
Constant | −2.068 *** | −1.848 ** | −6.226 *** | −6.017 *** | −5.612 *** |
(0.142) | (0.641) | (0.760) | (0.793) | (1.047) | |
Random-Effects Parameters | |||||
var(Constant) | 1.011 | 1.022 | 0.552 | 0.525 | 0.504 |
(0.283) | (0.288) | (0.192) | (0.185) | (0.180) | |
Observations | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 | 1803 |
ICC | 0.235 | 0.237 | 0.143 | 0.138 | 0.132 |
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Fobel, L.; Kolleck, N. Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010013
Fobel L, Kolleck N. Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany. Education Sciences. 2022; 12(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010013
Chicago/Turabian StyleFobel, Lea, and Nina Kolleck. 2022. "Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany" Education Sciences 12, no. 1: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010013
APA StyleFobel, L., & Kolleck, N. (2022). Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany. Education Sciences, 12(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010013