The Effect of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity in Russian Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
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- Educational activities (15 indicators);
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- Research activities (16 indicators);
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- International collaboration (13 indicators);
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- Financial and economic activities (8 indicators);
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- Staffing (5 indicators).
- (1)
- Entrepreneurial universities are elements of the “triple helix” model that provide interaction for science (universities), business, and the state; universities play a leading role in this model (Etzkowitz et al. 2019; Budyldina 2018; Thursby and Thursby 2002; Ulhøi et al. 2012).
- (2)
- Entrepreneurial universities commercialize scientific advances at the international level and transition to an innovative development model (Astebro and Bazzazian 2011; Gianiodis et al. 2016; Meissner 2017).
3. Methodology
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- Low, if the university rank was less than the average;
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- Average, if the university rank was equal to the average;
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- High, if the university rank was greater than the average.
4. Results
4.1. University Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
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- The implementation of entrepreneurial-type programs in an educational process, including innovative methods of student and postgrad teaching, the participation of students in research projects, and training and retraining specialists according to the requests of companies;
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- Knowledge generation (scientific research, business incubators, technology parks, and spin-offs);
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- The commercialization of scientific outputs (technology transfer centers);
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- The promotion of the formation and development of companies (training of specialists, small businesses, and strategic partnerships with companies in the industry and the financial sector);
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- The facilitation of regional development (training specialists for the regional economy, the integration and implementation of federal and regional programs, and interaction with local authorities on entrepreneurship development) (D’Este and Patel 2007; Salomaa 2019);
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- International cooperation in education and research.
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- A continued dependence of universities on primary funding from the federal budget;
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- The instability of economic development;
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- An insufficient interaction between universities and businesses in the framework of training and scientific/applied research;
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- Problems in the commercialization of the results of innovation activity;
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- A lack of developed infrastructure for a technology transfer;
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- A weak entrepreneurial culture in universities;
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- A lack of consideration of the basic elements to form the upper level of infrastructure;
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- The insufficient activity of large businesses in technological innovations.
4.2. Validation of the Methodology
4.3. Assessing the Influence of the Contour of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity of the Regions in Povolgie (Russia)
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Activity Areas in University | Functions | Indicators |
---|---|---|
Educational process |
| —the number of undergraduate students admitted to the first year of full-time education in higher education programs under sponsorship by companies; —the total number of students admitted to the first year of full-time study in higher education programs. —the number of trainees who improved their qualifications or underwent professional retraining from third-party organizations; —the total number of trainees who improved their qualifications or underwent professional retraining. —the number of students studying under the sponsorship of companies in engineering and technical areas of higher education; —the total number of students enrolled in engineering and technical areas of higher education. —number of foreign students enrolled in higher education programs; —the total number of students enrolled in higher education programs. —the number of foreign students who graduated from the university in higher education programs; —the number of students who graduated from the university in higher education programs. —the number of full-time students who have studied abroad for at least a semester in higher education programs; —total number of full-time students who completed higher education programs. —the number of scientific/teaching staff from abroad; —the total number of scientific/teaching staff. —the number of PhD students coming from abroad; —the total number of PhD students. |
Research activities |
| —the volume of income from in-house R&D; —university income from R&D. —the amount of income generated from using the results of the intellectual activity of the university; —university income. |
Financial and economic results |
| —the amount of funds received from foreign legal entities and individuals for performing R&D. —the amount of funds received from foreign legal entities and individuals for educational activities; —the total amount of funds received from educational activities. —the amount of funds from income-generating activities; —the amount of income from all types of financial support. —the amount of income derived from non-budgetary sources. —the amount of income derived from non-budgetary sources regarding educational activities. —the amount of income from non-budgetary sources regarding R&D; —the total amount of income from R&D. |
University | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University (NGIEI) | 0.0647 | 0.0693 | 0.0622 | 0.0769 | 0.0771 |
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU) | 0.0989 | 0.0989 | 0.0465 | 0.0888 | 0.0836 |
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev (NNSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev) | 0.0863 | 0.0836 | 0.0787 | 0.0872 | 0.0880 |
Penza State Technological University (PenzGTU) | 0.0695 | 0.0218 | 0.0771 | 0.0907 | 0.0915 |
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction (PGUAS) | 0.0889 | 0.0704 | 0.0800 | 0.0727 | 0.0749 |
Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) | 0.0917 | 0.0945 | 0.0954 | 0.0902 | 0.0986 |
Perm State Agro—Technological University (PSATU) | 0.0569 | 0.1387 | 0.0891 | 0.0869 | 0.0751 |
Ufa State Aviation Technical University (USATU) | 0.0775 | 0.0900 | 0.0823 | 0.0941 | 0.0929 |
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU) | 0.0906 | 0.0865 | 0.0811 | 0.0890 | 0.0872 |
Volga State University of Technology (VSUT) | 0.0861 | 0.0934 | 0.0908 | 0.0901 | 0.08011 |
Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (KSUAE) | 0.1060 | 0.1073 | 0.1047 | 0.0994 | 0.1007 |
Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev—KAI (KNRTU-KAI) | 0.0838 | 0.0769 | 0.0908 | 0.0778 | 0.0780 |
Kazan National Research Technological University (KNRTU) | 0.1023 | 0.0832 | 0.1229 | 0.0858 | 0.0937 |
Samara State Technical University (SamSTU) | 0.0887 | 0.0922 | 0.0852 | 0.0699 | 0.0891 |
Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov (SSTU) | 0.0820 | 0.0764 | 0.0732 | 0.0795 | 0.0658 |
Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (Kalashnikov ISTU) | 0.0900 | 0.1197 | 0.0968 | 0.0956 | 0.0897 |
Ulyanovsk State Technical University (ULSTU) | 0.1035 | 0.0922 | 0.0981 | 0.0987 | 0.1002 |
The Povolgie Regions of Russia | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nizhny Novgorod region | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
Penza region | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
Perm region | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
Republic of Bashkortostan | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.41 |
Republic of Mari El | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.33 |
Republic of Tatarstan | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
Samara region | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.42 |
Saratov region | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.36 |
Udmurtian Republic | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.38 |
Ulyanovsk region | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
Year | Regression Equation | Empirical Correlation |
---|---|---|
2017 | R = 0.03158 F + 0.07205 | 0.18802 |
2018 | R = 0.06537 F + 0.11670 | 0.20273 |
2019 | R = 0.03709 F + 0.06939 | 0.16884 |
2020 | R = −0.00134 F + 0.08726 | 0 |
2021 | R = 0.01152 F + 0.08103 | 0.08854 |
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Myzrova, O.A.; Goryacheva, T.V.; Sysoeva, O.V.; Sysoev, V.V. The Effect of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity in Russian Regions. Economies 2023, 11, 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11070190
Myzrova OA, Goryacheva TV, Sysoeva OV, Sysoev VV. The Effect of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity in Russian Regions. Economies. 2023; 11(7):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11070190
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyzrova, Olga A., Tatyana V. Goryacheva, Olga V. Sysoeva, and Victor V. Sysoev. 2023. "The Effect of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity in Russian Regions" Economies 11, no. 7: 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11070190