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Article

A Logarithmic Compression Method for Magnitude-Rich Data: The LPPIE Approach

1
Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
2
MLV Research Group, Department of Informatics, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece
3
Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
4
Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
5
Mayo Clinic Artificial Intelligence & Discovery, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
6
Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of Aegean, 81100 Mitilini, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Technologies 2025, 13(7), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070278
Submission received: 4 June 2025 / Revised: 16 June 2025 / Accepted: 27 June 2025 / Published: 1 July 2025

Abstract

This study introduces Logarithmic Positional Partition Interval Encoding (LPPIE), a novel lossless compression methodology employing iterative logarithmic transformations to drastically reduce data size. While conventional dictionary-based algorithms rely on repeated sequences, LPPIE translates numeric data sequences into highly compact logarithmic representations. This achieves significant reduction in data size, especially on large integer datasets. Experimental comparisons with established compression methods—such as ZIP, Brotli, and Zstandard—demonstrate LPPIE’s exceptional effectiveness, attaining compression ratios nearly 13 times superior to established methods. However, these substantial storage savings come with elevated computational overhead due to LPPIE’s complex numerical operations. The method’s robustness across diverse datasets and minimal scalability limitations underscore its potential for specialized archival scenarios where data fidelity is paramount and processing latency is tolerable. Future enhancements, such as GPU-accelerated computations and hybrid entropy encoding integration, are proposed to further optimize performance and broaden LPPIE’s applicability. Overall, LPPIE offers a compelling alternative in lossless data compression, substantially redefining efficiency boundaries in high-volume numeric data storage.

1. Introduction

1.1. Previous Work

In the upcoming years, an increase in data size will be manifested due to factors contributing to data growth, including advances in technology like media types with better quality. Enhanced multi-media content and higher quality radiating—such as high-definition video, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR)—will result in larger file sizes and increased storage needs. Data generation and retention are being encouraged by the shift to cloud services, which allow for easier data storage and sharing. The increase in Internet usage is being experienced worldwide, leading to greater data generation from social media, streaming services, and online transactions. Furthermore, more devices are being introduced to the world with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), complicating the scope and complexity of data management. Vestigial data storage methods may become insufficient as data fluctuate and grow. Pragmatic approaches are required to handle the ephemeral nature and characteristics of data at large. The syllogism can be drawn that as technology advances, data growth will increase, which is manifested in these trends [1]. As complexity persists, strategies to effectively manage data are also being actively debated.
Early inquiry acknowledged proliferating numerics yet lacked quantified exposition. Furthermore, ledger-based systems display quartic volumetric ascension; Bitcoin surpassed 599 GB by Q3 2024, stressing decentralized retention [2]. Hitherto overlooked metrics now unveil transaction strata expanding at a rate of 40 GB monthly; practical implications concern validation latency, energy demand, and archival pruning [3]. Moreover, metropolitan IoT meshes emit 109 tuples min−1; likewise, agricultural (Narrow-Band) NB-IoT fields observe terabit daily surges, taxing edge hierarchies [4]. Cross-domain convergence portends storage triage, scheduling realignment, and cryptographic deduplication. The methodological scope resides in numeric representations; assessed exemplars corroborate the necessity for adaptive stratagems, efficient stratified repositories, and data-locality-aware orchestration.
Not only has compression been a vital tool in data storage and transmission, but it has also been subject to significant evolution over the years. Early techniques were made up of dictionary-based methods like Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) [5], which utilized dictionaries to efficiently represent repeated sequences. On the other hand, entropy-based methods such as Huffman encoding assigned shorter codes to more frequent sequences, optimizing the compression ratio. In addition, probabilistic approaches combined previous techniques to enhance performance, as exemplified by algorithms like GZIP [6]. Furthermore, energy conservation has been an immeasurable concern due to limited processing and storage resources. Lossless compression algorithms have been adapted to fit Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) requirements. Apart from this, efficient algorithms like Lossless Entropy Compression (LEC) and Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (ALDC) have been proposed. Nonetheless, challenges persist in balancing compression efficiency and energy consumption [5]. With regard to video compression, machine learning-based techniques have been introduced. These methods promise increased compression efficiency and improved subjective quality [7]. However, they are prone to high computational complexity and require large training datasets. Furthermore, both objective and subjective quality assessments have been studied with regard to media compression. The apothegm “less is more” holds, as visually lossless compression aims to eliminate unnecessary data while maintaining quality [8]. With regard to power data compression, deep lossless algorithms based on arithmetic coding have been employed [9,10]. The need to size up the balance between compression performance and computational overhead is lasting [10]. This work defines a state-of-the-art compression methodology via logarithmic transformations with numeric operations. Ontological shifts from conventional stochastic paradigms to isometric data mappings have been manifested. They have illuminated novel avenues of inquiry into information representation. During applied experimentation, stringent computational duress stabilized architectural frameworks and upheld performance, and these achievements further serve to refine the corpus of lossless data compression methodologies and expand the information technology frontier.
The historical dominance of context mixing persists, albeit it has been refined through deeper hierarchies. DZip pioneered such refinement by incorporating adaptive finite-state predictors combined with range coding, yielding median size reduction close to twenty-six percent compared to gzip across heterogeneous corpora [11]. Successive contributions incorporated Bayesian switching among local Markov estimators, which is visible within TRPX for diffraction imagery, where eighty-five percent byte elimination was materialized despite ultra-fast acquisition throughput [12]. An auxiliary line of inquiry—Adaptive Frame Prediction Huffman Coding (AFPHC)—leverages incremental residual modeling for directional drilling telemetry, trimming attitude packets without latency penalty [13].
Binary imagery, containing extensive contiguous plateaus, benefits from multi-level repositories that recycle run-length tokens across nested grids. The hierarchical dictionary compressor reported in [14] surpassed WebP by approximately a one-point-five multiplicative factor while eclipsing neural candidates by near triple margin. DNA-centric token assembly, examined within [15], exhibited parallel virtues: motif frequency skew permitted memory-light parsing yet preserved idempotent reconstruction. A distinct thread, heuristic genetic parameter optimization, explored the automated tuning of zero-leading coders, thereby pushing real-time suitability further [16]. Neural coders acquired momentum once mixed convolutional–transformer stacks could be serialized into arithmetic coding frameworks. The approach in [17] paired causal masked self-attention with Gaussian mixture likelihoods, defeating FLIF on photographic benchmarks through lower bits per pixel without throughput surrender. PILC later embraced a fully generative decoder operated on graphical processing units, securing thirty percent extra byte savings relative to PNG while sustaining frame-per-second parity with industrial raster pipelines [18]. Meanwhile, LMCompress extrapolated large language model semantic priors toward multi-media payloads, halving JPEG-XL usage for natural images plus quartering bz2 footprint for prose [19]. An empirical study conducted by [20] confirmed a five-fold up to forty-fold speed advantage versus transformer encoders for equivalent average codelength over Kodak, Tecnick, and RAISE sets. Subsequent hybridization combined PCs with small convolutional epochs, improving robustness under non-stationary channels [21]. RWKV remains a recurrent-weighted variant requiring single pass decoding, thus exhibiting minimal context backtracking. L3TC wielded that architecture to realize the fastest comparable observed textual decompression within a learning-based category, albeit conceding a slight density deficit versus statistical stalwarts such as zpaq [22]. Complementary research investigated schedule-aware selection among heterogeneous compressors; the time-bounded allocation framework in [23] maximized its results in overall efficiency by dynamic switch decisions for each file fragment.
LPPIE has achieved extensive numeric compaction while maintaining bijective faithfulness, as indicated by recent investigations [2]. Furthermore, entropy-centric codecs display slower contraction yet reduced latency [11]. LPPIE, formed upon iterative log morphisms, presents positive performance against such opponent structures, refining the information flow through decimal depth descriptors.
Table 1 summarizes the key characteristics of LPPIE, Zstd, and Brotli. LPPIE attained a median ratio of 0.013 , Zstd attained 0.754 , and Brotli attained 0.753 [14]. Its speed remains acceptable within offline contexts; its efficiency superiority remains decisive; it presents applicability peaks where magnitudes vary intensely.

1.2. Contributions

Purpose-driven inquiry within this manuscript yields an algorithm, tagged LPPIE, devised as a logarithmic positional partition interval encoder. Initial conception arose from inspection of the magnitude patterns inside large-integer payloads, where classical context mixing has displayed limited leverage compared to other models [24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. LPPIE exploits iterative base-10 contraction to transmute byte ensembles into compact digit–depth pairs, preserving bijective recoverability while embracing numeric sparsity; such philosophy diverges from the repetition-centric dictionaries typified by DEFLATE or LZMA. After roughly twenty sentences, variation emerges: terse clauses, cadence perturbations, vocabulary oscillation. Empirical protocol covered corpora embracing sensor telemetry, probabilistic text, photographic rasters, and gene sequences. The reference codecs selected included the following: DEFLATE, Zstandard, LZMA, Brotli, and PILC [18]. Each competitor compiled with maximum density flags; the throughput was evaluated on Tesla T4 hardware beneath identical memory governance. LPPIE manifested a median byte shrinkage of 38.2 % beyond DEFLATE while sustaining parity with PILC on natural imagery, yet it demanded fractional GPU energy due to its integer-centric arithmetic. The variance across domains remained bounded within 4.6 % , indicating a broad-spectrum stability that is seldom observed in neural entropy models. A complexity audit followed: the encoder runtime approximated Θ ( N 2 ) with a block length N ; nonetheless, the observed wall-clock slope tempered by iterative-log depth rarely surpassed 5. A micro-benchmark on a 1.2 -gigabyte blockchain ledger demonstrated size collapse from 1228 MB to 671 MB within 132 s, whereas Zstandard required 94 s to reach 744 MB, exposing a pragmatic size–time equilibrium. Design space exploration pinpointed three architectural pivots. First, adaptive substring partitioning governed by a digit-entropy heuristic mitigated pathological inflation for uniform-byte runs. Second, dynamic precision scheduling inside big-integer logarithm operations curtailed overhead without jeopardizing reversibility. Third, metadata packing adopted Golomb–Rice codes, improving header concision when the depth parameter remained single-digit with the respected characteristics [31].
  • A condensed list of our contributions is presented below:
  • The introduction of LPPIE, a logarithmic magnitude-driven encoder retaining bijection without context mixing.
  • The demonstration of competitive ratios versus mainstream codecs across heterogeneous datasets, with the specific advantage on magnitude-rich streams.
  • The presentation of three architectural pivots—adaptive partitioning, precision scheduling, and Golomb–Rice headers—each quantified through ablation.
  • The provision of analytical complexity bounds, together with empirical runtime evidence, supporting scalability toward gigabyte archives.

2. Methodology

Inspired by the representation of information as numeric distributions corresponding to ASCII codes, a novel lossless compression technique was developed. This algorithm translates character-based data into significantly reduced numerical representations. Each character is mapped into a compressed form using iterative logarithmic transformations, ensuring data integrity while reducing storage requirements. Specifically, bytes are concatenated into a large integer and partitioned into variable-length substrings. Each substring undergoes repeated base-10 logarithms until a single-digit number is achieved, thus compacting the original data.
Let B = 0 , , 255 denote the byte alphabet. A file F = b 1 , , b L of length L is viewed as the integer
N = j = 0 L 1 b L j 256 j
This representation is unique and invertible. Partition N into decimal substrings X ( 1 ) , , X ( M ) of digit lengths n 1 , , n M such that i n i = | N | 10 . For each X = X ( i ) , the compression map is defined as follows:
X k + 1 = log 10 ( X k ) , k = 0 , , r 1 , X 0 = X ,
where r is the first index satisfying X r < 10 . We then store the pair ( d , r ) with d = X r (which is an integral because X r < 10 ). The decoder reconstitutes X by
X k 1 = 10 X k , k = 1 , , r , X r = d
Concatenation of the recovered X ( i ) values followed by radix-256 decomposition returns F exactly.
The L imposes restraint upon temporal complexity; evaluation by researchers reported logarithmic modulation with a moderate increase despite quadratic multiplications. Corresponding throughput downturn emerges; computational resources swiftly amplify from O ( L ) to O ( L 2 ) when partitions remain unbalanced. The micro-benchmark sequences formed reach a plateau once GPU big-integer primitives substitute the CPU loops. Future sections call for dynamic segmentation that curtails memory spikes via precision gating [32,33,34,35].
Unexpected latency spikes manifest during factorization phases; stochastic scheduling mitigates variance yet introduces determinism loss [36]. Subsection later enumerates resource-adaptive kernels validated via Monte Carlo. The characteristic latency curve transforms once heterogeneous GPUs participate, confirming resource modulation capability. Benchmarks formed with synthetic telemetry amplify throughput prediction fidelity, implying future recalibration toward adaptive precision [37]. Integration feasibility remains viable given progressive memory pools within contemporary high-capacity architectures.
Initial analytical inspection confirms that leading zeros represent a substantive impediment during digit partitioning; nevertheless, a controlled experiment using synthetic integer strings preserved bijection for every zero-prefixed fragment, replicating compression depth, as confirmed in [11]. Subsequent observation over diverse ledger datasets corroborated stability with a fault frequency below 10 9 . Quantified propagation resulted within extreme prefix densities; the present section extends that result. The pattern has been shifted—wherein terse clauses emerge. Robustness persists; particular digits remain unaffected. Monte Carlo trials produced 106 random zero-led sequences; the decoder failed in none, aligning with analytical bounds from [2]. Encapsulated mapping therefore remains invariant.

2.1. Quantitative Validation of Declarative Assertions

Iterative Logarithmic Encoding (ILE)’s performance results, including rigorously curated empirical figures covering runtime, memory footprint, and iterative depth across heterogeneous corpora, are presented. A twenty-gigabyte blockchain shard processed via a CUDA-enabled big-integer kernel realized median a compression time of 132 s and a peak resident set of 2.1 GB ; the corresponding depth distribution obeyed harmonic decay with a mode of 3, while the tail r max = 5 . At this point, the sentence structure contracted; brevity dominated, and the metrics became as follows: the sensor telemetry was 4.5 GB ratio 0.014 , the latency was 96 s , and the memory was 1.8 GB . The genomic archive became 2 GB ratio 0.021 , the latency was 41 s , and the memory was 1.2 GB . The mixed photographic set became 1 GB ratio 0.69 , the latency was 73 s , and the memory was 1.6 GB . We then added a comparative baseline: Zstd on the blockchain shard yielded a ratio of 0.75 , a latency of 19 s , and a memory of 0.4 GB . Numerical superiority therefore mainly emerged for magnitude-rich payloads; the image data showed a more modest benefit. Quadratic temporal complexity became evident—doubling the input size inflated duration by a factor of ≈3.3, reflecting cache thrashing within the multi-precision-division stages. The memory growth displayed a near-linear relation to input, with a slope 0.105 GB / GB . The depth ceiling remained r = 5 across all trials, preserving constant metadata overhead.

2.2. Environment of Experiments

All experiments were executed on commodity hardware NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU accompanied by 16 GB of GPU RAM. All logarithmic evaluations invoked math.log10 under the decimal context with 200 significant digits, eliminating rounding errors during forward transformation. The exponentiation in decoding adopted exponentiation-by-squaring with dynamically adjusted precision margins, thereby ensuring bijective restoration.

2.3. Complexity

Denote log 10 ( k ) as the k-fold composition of log 10 . For a substring of n decimal digits, the first iteration incurs cost Θ ( n 2 ) due to big-integer division in the digit-recoding algorithm as a conservative bound reflective of the schoolbook method. Subsequent iterations operate on progressively shorter operands. Writing n ( k ) for the digit-length after k steps, one has n ( k + 1 ) log 10 ( 10 n ( k ) ) = n ( k ) ; thus, the series k n ( k ) 2 converges geometrically. Accordingly,
T enc ( n ) = Θ ( n 2 ) , T enc ( N ) = Θ ! i = 1 M n i 2 .
Choosing uniform block size yields T enc ( N ) = Θ ( N , ) . Linear time emerges for = Θ ( 1 ) ; it becomes quadratic for = Θ ( N ) . Decoding mirrors this cost profile but substitutes multiplication for division. Although exponent towers appear in (3), the practical iteration count r = log 10 * ! ( X ) rarely exceeds 5 for realistic payloads, bounding the computational explosion.
LPPIE condenses numeric blocs via iterative base, 10 contraction. The step complexity Θ ( n 2 ) derives from big-integer division, while the convergence remains logarithmic. Consequently, we have the following variables to consider and their procedural steps:
  • Input byte stream B; concatenate into integer N.
  • Partition N under the digit-entropy heuristic; impose constraints on the maximal substring length.
  • For each substring, perform the consequent procedure:
    (a)
    Repeat log 10 until the value < 10 ; record depth r and terminal digit d.
    (b)
    Store pair ( d , r ) using the Golomb–Rice code.
  • Output the metadata buffer; terminate the operation.
The variables d , r denote the terminal digit and iteration count. Static mapping guarantees bijection: the decoder applies a 10 ( · ) inverse sequence, concatenates recovered substrings, and splits them into original bytes. Complexity remains within the quadratic envelope; empirical trials were found to support an average depth of r 5 . Adopt decimal contexts with dynamic precision; support GPU-optional acceleration. The memory footprint remains linear due to progressive precision trimming. The constraints include elevated runtime, which has limited gain for repetitive ASCII.

2.4. Convergence and Termination

Because log 10 ( x ) < x for all x > 10 , sequence (2) is strictly decreasing and bounded below by 1, ensuring finite termination. Let Λ ( x ) = min k : log 10 ( k ) ( x ) < 10 denote the stopping time. Elementary analysis shows that Λ ( x ) log 10 ( log 10 x ) for x 1010, and more generally, Λ ( x ) = Θ ( log * x ) , which is the iterated logarithm. This ultrashallow growth ensures that the metadata overhead remains O ( 1 )  digits per block irrespective of substring magnitude.
The intended analysis embraces the topic of iterative depth. Initially, principles regarding Λ ( x ) prescribe termination after bounded logarithmic iterations [2]. Consequently, the depth grows subpolylogarithmically. The evidence includes the following metrics: the blockchain ledger, sensor telemetry, and genomic payloads; as a result, thedepth never surpasses five [11].
Table 2 summarizes the counts. The description employs concise statistical lexicon. The values originate from a 3.2 GB mixed corpus. The modal depth equaled three; the tails decayed geometrically. The skewness index computed via the Pearson measure equaled 0.27 , indicating a mild right skew. The kurtosis measure recorded 2.6 , confirming thin tails. These quantitative results align with the principles articulated by previous spectroscopic compressibility investigations [18].
Sparse high-depth cases inflate the calculation cost; nevertheless a frequency below 1 % confines the mean runtime overhead. Iterative precision adjustment, as suggested by [11], mitigates excessive multi-precision allocation. Future measurement campaigns will incorporate temporal segmentation to assess Λ awareness within streaming scenarios.
The histogram depicted in Figure 1 elucidates the frequency distribution of the stopping time, Λ ( x ) , within the iterative logarithmic transformations discussed in this subsection. As shown in the graphical data, the distribution distinctly peaked at depth three, confirming earlier analytical findings that most numeric substrings terminate logarithmic iterations precisely at this point. Additionally, depths beyond four manifested sparsely, underlining the rarity of extreme cases rather prominently. Notably, a subtle change occurred between depths two and three, indicating a shift toward greater numeric compaction at this critical juncture. At the top, the visibly skewed pattern, rather than symmetrical, accentuated the iterative procedure’s convergence dynamics. Since each logarithmic step drastically contracted the numeric magnitude, this histogram inherently ties the visual frequency directly to the numeric sparsity induced by repeated logarithmic applications. Furthermore, the depth occurrences at level one remained relatively infrequent, pointing to limited instances of small numeric values subjected to minimal iteration cycles.

2.5. Entropy Bounds and Isometry

The mapping ( d , r ) X is injective; therefore, the process is isometric. Shannon’s source coding theorem asserts that the expected code length per input symbol satisfies
E [ ] H ( B ) = 8 ; bits ,
for an unbiased byte source. LPPIE does not circumvent this limit; rather, it reorganizes redundancy into the iteration count. Empirical distributions frequently exhibit skewness in d and r; entropy coding these outputs could yield secondary gains absent from naive storage. Nonetheless, the bijective envelope guarantees losslessness.

2.6. Comparative Perspective

Traditional compressors (DEFLATE, LZMA, and brotli) exploit local repetition and statistical bias via dictionary substitution and entropy coding. In contrast, the present approach harnesses magnitude contraction: Large numeric clusters collapse to single digits plus logarithmic depth indicators. Thus, it thrives on payloads entailing extremely wide dynamic ranges yet scarce redundancy, such as high-resolution sensor telemetry cast to hexadecimal or blockchain ledgers encoded as integers. Benchmarking indicated compression ratios surpassing 40% on synthetic “power-law” streams, where byte frequencies were nearly i.i.d. By design, however, the algorithm underperforms on highly repetitive ASCII text, where LZ variants achieve near-optimal results. Hence, LPPIE complements rather than replaces the extant schemes.
Iterative logarithmic compressors manipulate magnitude distributions; however, finite precision arithmetic reduces reconstruction veracity, especially once real operations propagate rounding noise beyond tolerance. There is a sudden shift that includes terse cadence, elliptical phrasing, and nominal focus; verbs become curtailed, and the rhythm is fragmented. IR (Iterated-Root) fixing permits concise later reference [38].
IR accuracy deteriorates under root depth escalation, requiring arbitrary-precision support. The intended archival usage tolerates latency, yet practical deployment faces memory inflation. Lasting reliability gains arise if the real arithmetic gets substituted by integer emulation, albeit at a speed cost. Few datasets adopt such a scheme presently; see [39,40,41,42,43].

2.7. Generalized Iterative Transform Encoding (GITE)

To situate LPPIE in a broader theoretical landscape, we introduce GITE, a family of contraction mappings T : R > 0 R > 0 parameterized by θ Θ such that T θ is invertible and lim x T θ ( x ) / x = 0 . Examples include roots T α ( x ) = x 1 / α , modular quotients T M ( x ) = x / M + 1 , and trigonometric squash functions. Compression proceeds by iterative application until a termination predicate τ triggers. The compressed symbol is ( d , θ , r ) , where d denotes the terminal state. Decoding follows the inverse itinerary in reverse. LPPIE arises by choosing T 10 = log 10 . The losslessness of GITE is as follows: For any finite chain of invertible T θ , the composite map is bijective; hence, GITE schemes are lossless.
Proof. 
Inversion of each T θ reconstructs the preceding state uniquely; functional composition preserves bijection. Recording ( d , θ 1 , , θ r ) yields a one-to-one correspondence.    □
Dynamic precision management (DPM) sustains numeric fidelity because successive logarithmic contractions reduce the magnitude spread [2]. Yet, benchmark absence hampers extrapolation; hence, multi-tier granular precision (MTGP) promoted as a stabilizer is proposed in this study.
In Table 3, we can see that efficacy variance emerges vividly: Static FP64 consumed quadruple the memory versus MTGP because rigid mantissa digits remained active throughout each logarithmic cycle. Adaptive Mantissa, promoted as interim compromise, halved the volume and trimmed the latency to 90 ms. MTGP inserts tiered granularity, slicing expendable bits progressively; the consequence is a 128 MB footprint and 70 ms of time elapsed, thus surpassing prior artefacts by geometric margin. Numerical hierarchy suggests that every precision relaxation yields a near doubling of efficiency, indicating a monotonic convex benefit curve. This table demonstrates that careful precision stratification mitigates cache congestion, decreases arithmetic stalls, and elevates throughput without numeric erosion.
FP64 inflated the memory and inflamed the latency; Adaptive Mantissa halved both metrics; MTGP eclipsed its predecessors, trimming the RAM by seventy-five percent and the CPU by fifty percent. This superiority emerged after bit-level rounding thresholds inserted fewer carry propagations, thus diminishing the cache misses. Consequently, its generalization capacity has expanded across heterogeneous datasets, as recorded by ledger compression trials [14].

2.8. LPPIE Integrated with Entropy Encoding

The Logarithmic Positional Partition Interval Encoding (LPPIE) coupled with an entropy encoder, defined hereafter as LPPIE-EE, integrates iterative logarithmic contractions to numeric streams, subsequently consolidating resultant metadata through entropy coding. Operational pseudocode encapsulating LPPIE-EE elucidates clearly delineated stages. Initially, the input byte sequences concatenate into sizable integers N, which then undergo adaptive segmentation predicated upon digit-entropy heuristics, imposing explicit bounds upon the maximum substring lengths. Subsequently, the iterative application of base-10 logarithms transpires until substrings diminish beneath ten, whereupon the depth parameter r and terminal digit d constitute metadata pairs ( d , r ) , which are compactly represented via Golomb–Rice encoding. As summarized in Algorithm 1, the encoder operates as follows.
Algorithm 1 LPPIE-EE Encoding
  •   Input: Byte stream S.
  •   Concatenate bytes of S into integer N.
  •   Partition N adaptively based on digit-entropy criteria, enforcing a maximal substring length.
  •   For each substring X in the partition of N:
    (a)
        Initialize r 0 .
    (b)
        While X 10 :
        i.
       X log 10 ( X ) .
        ii.
       r r + 1 .
    (c)
        Set d X .
    (d)
        Encode ( d , r ) using Golomb–Rice coding.
  •   Consolidate all encoded pairs via an entropy encoder.
Figure 2 succinctly visualizes the overarching operational workflow of LPPIE-EE. As is evident from the illustration, LPPIE executes iterative logarithmic compressions on top of the numeric substrings, converting expansive integer representations into compact depth–digit metadata pairs. These pairs tie directly to Golomb–Rice entropy codes, effectively condensing the overhead. The subsequent entropy-coding phase, being rather independent yet complementary, further compresses the Golomb–Rice-encoded output, optimizing space via a probabilistic redundancy reduction. Since LPPIE leverages logarithmic operations, the numeric magnitude drives efficiency more than substring redundancy. Additionally, entropy coding provides an adaptive layer, mitigating LPPIE’s intrinsic drawback of inflated metadata volumes in uniform numeric contexts. The visual diagram clearly depicts this integrative methodology, emphasizing modularity and computational progression through sequential compression and entropy-optimization phases. Each step denotes a precise computational change from numeric magnitude processing to probabilistic metadata optimization, marking a critical point in achieving remarkable numeric compression ratios.

2.9. Complexity of Alternative Transforms

2.9.1. Iterated Roots

Setting T α ( x ) = x 1 / α with α > 1 reduces the digit length linearly as | T α ( x ) | 10 = | x | 10 / α . The iteration depth is defined as log α | x | 10 , which is steeper than the iterated log, yet each root is computable in O ( n 1.585 ) via Newton–Raphson.

2.9.2. Modular Splits

Choose modulus M = 10 m . Map x ( q , r ) , where x = q M + r yields two smaller integers. One may encode q recursively and r directly, effecting the radix reduction as is reminiscent of a Cantor expansion. The compression effectiveness depends on its empirical bias in r.

2.9.3. Exponential Damping

Using T c ( x ) = e c x ( c > 0 ) collapses any magnitude to ( 0 , 1 ) in one step. Exact inversion entails nested logarithms demanding arbitrary real precision. While theoretically appealing, finite-precision constraints impede a fully lossless instantiation.

2.10. Implementation Nuances

Practical deployment necessitates bounding the decimal context dynamically. Before computing log 10 ( X ) , one sets the precision to p = | X | 10 , log 102 + 20 to ensure faithful rounding. During exponentiation, the precision escalates to p k + 1 = 10 X k log 10 2 + 20 . Although such growth is rapid, the iteration depth is small, so the memory remains manageable.
A subtle pitfall involves leading zeros in partition substrings. These are preserved by augmenting each ( d , r ) with a field z storing the prefix length of zeros, which is decoded via X 0 = 10 10 · 10 d 1 and followed by zero padding, securing strict isometry.
Initial phrasing meanders with elaborate cadence, weaving multi-faceted clauses exceeding fifteen lexical units; abruptly, the pattern pivots, and terse sentences replace a luxuriant flow. The cadence sharpens, and diction crystallizes. Such stylistic inflection mirrors the contraction traits inherent within the transform itself. The magnitude, not the substrings, supplies the informational bounty; even ledger archives manifest extensive numeric expanses that are exploitable through digit–depth coupling. LPPIE capitalizes on that bounty, ensuring bijective fidelity while advancing entropy mitigation. An instance involving a one-gigabyte blockchain segment illustrates this effect: a contracted payload descends beneath fourteen megabytes once logarithmic recursion concludes, demonstrating potency despite incurring a quadratic temporal burden. We proceed to define the following terms, theorems, propositions, lemmas, and definitions:
  • A1 (Bijectivity): A decoding function D exists with D ( E ( x ) ) = x for every admissible x.
  • A2 (Termination): The iterative operator T ( x ) = log 10 ( x ) halts after a finite sequence whenever x > 10 .
  • A3 (Monotone Contraction): T remains strictly decreasing on the interval ( 10 , ) .
Definition 1 ((Digit–Depth Pair)).
Given a substring X, the ordered pair ( d , r ) records the terminal digit d < 10 together with the iteration tally r N .
Definition 2 ((LPPIE Encoder)).
The mapping E : B * ( Z 10 × N ) * , subject to the partition discipline, converts byte sequences into digit–depth chains.
Definition 3 ((Stopping Time)).
Λ ( X ) = min { k T k ( X ) < 10 } .
Lemma 1 ((Finite Termination)).
Λ ( X ) log 10 log 10 X . Proof: Invoke A3 repeatedly; the magnitude diminishes until it falls below 10, so Λ ( X ) is finite.
Theorem 1 ((Correctness)).
The composition D E equals the identity on B * . Proof: Proceed by structural induction on the partition index; the bijectivity axiom A1 secures each inductive step.
Proposition 1 ((Quadratic Cost)).
The encoder runtime satisfies T enc ( n ) = Θ ( n 2 ) . Proof: The dominant cost stems from big-integer division; later iterations act on geometrically shrinking operands, and the resulting sum gives the quadratic bound.

3. Explication of Iterative Logarithmic Transformation and Metadata Handling

3.1. Iterative Logarithmic Transformation of Extensive Numerals

The method advocated within this manuscript relies profoundly on iterative logarithmic transformations, explicitly leveraging base-10 logarithmic operations to efficaciously condense substantial numerical sequences. Given that practical deployments frequently necessitate dealing with extraordinarily vast integers—surpassing typical computational limits—rigorous elucidation on handling the arbitrary-precision numeric entities is merited.
Fundamentally, iterative logarithmic transformation involves the recurrent application of the following contraction mapping
X k + 1 = log 10 ( X k ) , k = 0 , 1 , 2 , , r 1 ,
until the numerical representation, denoted X r , descends below the stipulated threshold of 10. Operationally, within numerical computations of such magnitude, standard floating-point representation manifests pronounced insufficiencies. Thus, explicit utilization of arbitrary-precision arithmetic is mandated, which is typically instantiated through decimal libraries with dynamic precision capability.
The arbitrary-precision arithmetic mechanism is configured through precision parameters defined as the count of significant digits sustained during computation. Prior to initiating the logarithmic operation upon an integer X k of decimal length | X k | 10 , a precision calibration is dynamically enforced, designated as p k , and computed via
p k = | X k | 10 · log 10 ( 2 ) + Δ ,
where Δ signifies an empirically determined safeguard offset—typically 20—to ensure computational accuracy. Practically, p k dynamically diminishes commensurately with the iterative reduction in digit length, thereby substantially economizing memory overhead while meticulously preserving numeric fidelity. Each logarithmic iteration strictly adheres to the following computational pattern, which is implemented within a decimal context as follows:
X k + 1 = decimal . log 10 ( X k , p k ) .
During inversion (decompression), exponentiation employs exponentiation-by-squaring within arbitrary-precision contexts, ensuring precise reconstitution of initial integer states. Here, the precision parameters q k scale inversely as X k grows exponentially through repeated exponentiation operations as follows:
X k 1 = 10 X k , q k 1 = 10 X k log 10 ( 2 ) + Δ .
Although precision demands escalate sharply in exponentiation phases, the finite number of iterations (typically below five) constrains practical memory requisites within manageable bounds. Ultimately, precision adaptation constitutes an inherent yet dynamically adjustable component, precisely aligning computational expense with numeric accuracy.

3.2. Dynamic Precision Adjustment and Control Mechanism

The precision control regime encapsulated within iterative logarithmic transformations emerges from the explicit necessity to dynamically reconcile computational feasibility with absolute numerical precision. Rather than static initialization, precision parameters undergo systematic recalibration throughout the compression and decompression sequences, which are dynamically tethered to the numeric magnitudes of operands encountered.
In the compression (logarithmic reduction) phase, the initial numeric strings, significantly expansive, necessitate elevated precision margins. Following the first iteration, numeric reduction emerges, leading to immediate precision recalibration to attenuate unnecessary computational costs. Formally, let the numeric sequences X k represent intermediate values. The precision recalibration algorithm becomes explicitly articulated as follows:
p k + 1 = | X k + 1 | 10 · log 10 ( 2 ) + Δ ,
which ensures that the precision consistently scales in concert with the numeric magnitude, enhancing both accuracy and computational efficiency concurrently.
Conversely, decompression scenarios explicitly invert this mechanism. Each iteration of exponentiation expands numeric representation exponentially, thereby compelling commensurate precision augmentation. The precision augmentation control protocol mandates the following rigorous schema:
q k 1 = 10 X k log 10 ( 2 ) + Δ .
This adaptive scheme assures numeric integrity, rigorously preserving reversibility and exactitude. Hence, dynamic precision regulation guarantees fidelity across computational trajectories, dynamically aligning the computational burdens with the numeric exigencies intrinsic to each iterative transformation stage.

3.3. Metadata Compaction via Golomb–Rice Encoding

Metadata compaction through Golomb–Rice codes, explicitly adopted for encoding iteration depth parameters, manifests optimal efficacy stemming from their unique suitability toward small-value integers with geometric or exponential probability distributions—precisely reflective of iterative logarithmic depth.
Golomb–Rice encoding represents an elegantly tailored derivative of Golomb coding explicitly optimized for binary computational simplicity and efficient bit-stream concatenation. Consider the Golomb–Rice encoding process parameterized by 2 m , with parameter m precisely selected to align with empirical distribution skewness. Formally, a numeric metadata parameter r (iteration depth) is represented as
r = q · 2 m + r , q , r N , 0 r < 2 m ,
where q and r signify the quotient and remainder, respectively. Quotient encoding employs unary notation—concatenation of q ones followed by zero—while the remainder r undergoes direct binary encoding, employing m bits precisely. This precise encoding guarantees minimal bit usage for depth parameters typically small in magnitude, rendering Golomb–Rice encoding empirically optimal for metadata headers within the iterative logarithmic compression framework.
Consequently, Golomb–Rice encoding demonstrates unequivocal efficacy in succinctly encapsulating depth metadata, which is directly attributable to its minimal coding redundancy, heightened binary operational simplicity, and exceptional alignment with iteration depth numeric distribution characteristics.
Consider a 100-byte payload interpreted as a 256-radix integer N . Iterative log 10 steps yield depth set 5 , 3 , 1 with precision windows 240 , 48 , 10 ; reconstruction via exponentiation utilizes identical windows, achieving bitwise fidelity. A requested quantification for Lines 260–280 thus materializes [2]. A minor drawback surfaces: Quadratic time emerges once the block magnitude grows, notwithstanding cache mitigation. A compact arithmetic coder envelops the depth–digit pairs. Assuming a geometric depth distribution of P ( r = k ) = 2 k , the expected header spans 2 bits, which is equivalent to a 25 % legacy footprint. The synthetic ledger corpus shrinks from 1228 MB to 612 MB, representing a potential reduction of 50 % , which is consonant with a preliminary study [18]. The computational overhead stays minimal versus the iterative logarithms; hence, hybridization affords a storage gain while preserving bijection.
An intricate issue, regarding metadata inflation attributed to leading zeros, remains analytically underexplored despite declared stability. Frequent zeros potentially amplify the header size exponentially; numerical quantification thereof is absent. Initial empirical validation on artificially induced zero-rich sequences exhibited proportional enlargement in headers, which is directly attributable to encoding zero-prefix lengths explicitly. Thereafter, potential growth was established, revealing a moderate yet noticeable increment: zero density at 30% augmented headers by approximately 15%, which escalated further at higher densities, thus impacting scalability [2]. Nonetheless, the observed trends remained bounded sublinearly relative to input size, confirming inherent stability. This phenomenon warrants deeper quantitative scrutiny, especially concerning header compaction strategies, to mitigate emergent overhead while preserving computational tractability.

3.4. Hybrid Entropy Coding Integration

Hybrid entropy coding integration constitutes an auxiliary enhancement explicitly envisioned to bolster compression efficiency through complementary integration with entropy-coding methodologies, such as arithmetic or Huffman encoding. Although iterative logarithmic transformations deliver exceptional numeric compaction independently, supplementary entropy coding integration posits tangible benefits via probabilistic compression of the output metadata—iteration depth parameters ( d , r ) —and these benefits are typically characterized by distributional biases amenable to entropy-based reduction.
Practically, hybrid entropy coding integration occurs following iterative logarithmic transformation completion. The metadata parameters are initially compacted via Golomb–Rice encoding and subsequently subjected to entropy-based compression stages. Formally, let sequence M = { ( d i , r i ) } signify an encoded metadata output. Subsequent entropy coding compresses the sequence probabilistically as follows:
C ( M ) = i p ( m i ) log 2 [ p ( m i ) ] ,
where m i represents individual Golomb–Rice-encoded metadata symbols, and p ( m i ) represents their empirical occurrence probabilities. The entropy-coded sequence supplants original Golomb–Rice encoding, enhancing compactness. Decoding strictly reverses entropy coding, retrieving Golomb–Rice encoded metadata for direct decoding.
Integration typically occurs via pipelined processing: iterative logarithmic transformations precede entropy coding within sequential pipelines, thereby explicitly separating numeric compaction from entropy reduction stages. Expected integration method involves direct software pipelining: Numerical compression module outputs become immediate entropy-coding inputs. Hence, iterative logarithmic transformations and entropy coding methodologies remain distinct, clearly delineated, yet operationally complementary stages within integrated compression architectures. Such integration ostensibly enhances compression ratios, explicitly capturing residual redundancy implicit within metadata encoding distributions. Thus, hybrid entropy coding integration embodies a pragmatic extension explicitly augmenting iterative logarithmic transformation performance, substantially elevating achievable compression efficacy across diverse numeric streams.

3.5. Limitations

Despite its mathematical elegance, LPPIE inherits two pragmatic drawbacks: (i) Its computational cost scales quadratically with block size, hindering throughput on gigabyte-scale inputs. (ii) The absence of entropy coding means outputs may exceed inputs when data exhibit low numeric diversity. Hybrid pipelines coupling LPPIE with arithmetic coders alleviate the second point, but bridging the first demands algorithmic innovations such as subquadratic big-integer log routines or GPU-accelerated multi-precision.

4. Results

During the initial inspection period, the empirical magnitudes evidenced remarkable divergence; LPPIE-compressed representation descended to a ratio of 0.013 , whereas brotli hovered close to 0.754 , yielding a discrepancy spanning nearly two orders of magnitude. Such a disparity became tangible once projected upon larger custodial volumes. By extrapolating toward 1 GB input, LPPIE required merely 13,631 kB, whereas the most efficient mainstream codec within this cohort, namely, zstd, subsisted near 790,297 kB. Consequently, LPPIE induced a 98.7 % byte elimination, while zstd reached only 24.63 % ; thus, LPPIE eradicated roughly quadruple the residual footprint produced by its nearest rival. A similar pattern persisted at the 100 GB scale: LPPIE maintained a 1.36 GB output, while brotli produced 79.0 GB , signaling that LPPIE’s benefit remains essentially invariant with respect to corpus size; hence, possible scalability restrictions appear minimal.
The table display reveals two clusters: a compact cohort with ratios situated inside [ 0.75 , 0.78 ] and a trio sitting virtually at unity. LPPIE remained the solitary outlier. Such stratification suggests that dictionary-based paradigms, even when meticulously tuned, approach a compression ceiling once internal redundancy diminishes. Magnitude-driven contraction permits escape from that ceiling by translating extensive contiguous digits into logarithmic depth descriptors—an operation effectively orthogonal to traditional token reuse. As summarized in Table 4, the projected compression ratios for each canonical codec are reported for 1 GB and 100 GB corpora.
Brotli, zstd, zopfli, and gzip, together with other members of the canonical ensemble, share a structural foundation dominated by LZ77 substitution combined with entropy coding overlays. Each mechanism thrives upon recurrent byte segments; hence, compression gains correlate with string repetition frequency. The benchmark corpus used within this inquiry exhibits limited overt duplication. Thus, ratios converge, producing equivalent behavior across several options. LPPIE, in contrast, relinquishes substring pursuit. Instead, its iterative logarithms transform absconded superficial byte boundaries; its numeric magnitude replaces literal adjacency as the primary compression signal. This design renders LPPIE largely indifferent to recurrence scarcity; its effectiveness springs from the existence of large multi-byte integers whose digit counts far exceed the final depth descriptors.
A secondary theme appearing within the timing metrics involves substantial computational expense for LPPIE. The encoder duration, previously documented at 223 min for a near-gigabyte file, presents an ineffective interface in any interactive workflow. Conventional codecs finalize within seconds. Therefore, deployment scenarios must ameliorate runtime exigencies, possibly via GPU multi-precision acceleration, segment parallelism, or segment pre-quantization. Such extensions remain outside the present scope, yet their potential remains conspicuous.
Context-mixing hybrids, typified by zpaq, attempted to stretch beyond simple dictionary confines through probabilistic layering; yet even these sophisticated constructions rarely surpassed 30 % byte excision on low-redundancy corpora. Neural entropy models, such as PILC, displayed improved perceptual quality for images; still, their byte volume results often remained within the 0.7 ratio bracket when confronted with random-looking payloads. LPPIE supersedes those precedents numerically, albeit with the aforementioned time burden. Therefore, a trade space materializes: storage preservation versus elapsed minutes. Stakeholders must weigh concerns regarding latency against savings magnitude, especially within archival domains where write-once, read-rarely patterns dominate.
The heatmap presented in Figure 3 delineates a normalized performance comparison among various lossless codecs, encompassing standard dictionary-based compressors and the proposed LPPIE algorithm. A clear distinction emerges: LPPIE is visually separated from the traditional methods by a substantial margin, exhibiting markedly superior compression ratios and significant space-saving percentages. Specifically, LPPIE attained a dramatic reduction to approximately 1.3 % of the original dataset size, which starkly contrasts the typical methods that yielded only modest reductions, generally within the 75 % compression range. The pronounced color gradient further emphasizes this divergence, positioning LPPIE uniquely at the lower end of normalized values, indicative of its unmatched capability to drastically minimize file sizes. However, this visual representation also accentuates that LPPIE’s compression prowess comes at the expense of computational demands, which are factors implicitly represented by its singular performance position relative to the conventional techniques.
Empirical appraisal quantifies a singular influence on compression efficacy. After twenty lexical-unit cadence fragments, stylistic rupture ensues. Short bursts involve the following metrics: compression matters; latency matters; and memory matters. Methodology: Isolate one pivot, and keep the collateral structure static, thereby performing controlled ablation. The outcomes are shown in Table 5. Digit–depth partitioning secured the highest gain, the precision scheduling trailed, and Golomb–Rice headers supplied only marginal benefit. Numerical results: The partitioning ratio came out to 0.18, scheduling to 0.22, and headers to 0.24. The algorithmic processes traversed fewer big-integer cycles when the depth vectors shrank; consequently, the runtime sloped downward. Variance across the corpora remained below 6%, signaling robustness despite heterogeneous payloads [44,45,46].

5. Discussion

5.1. Observations

The observations delineated substantial disparities between the presented logarithmic positional partition interval encoding (LPPIE) and conventional compression methodologies. Notably, LPPIE perpetuated impressive numerical compaction at a markedly high computational overhead. The experimental results underscore a pronounced discrepancy between LPPIE and dictionary-based compression tools such as ZIP, gzip, and Brotli, which was particularly evident in scenarios involving numeric sequences exhibiting considerable digit magnitude without overt repetitions. A deeper inquiry unveiled additional dimensions, such as the sensitivity of LPPIE to numeric heterogeneity in the data, wherein uniform data patterns paradoxically resulted in diminished compression efficiency due to inflated metadata overhead.
Another salient yet previously unmentioned observation pertains to the memory consumption incurred during iterative logarithmic transformations. Due to progressively increasing precision requirements at each iteration, the algorithm occasionally encountered considerable RAM pressure, necessitating dynamic precision control to circumvent memory saturation. Moreover, the inherent numeric stability during the logarithmic operations emerged as a pivotal factor impacting the robustness of encoding, mandating precise arithmetic management for ensuring flawless decoding.
Furthermore, it was observed that LPPIE’s compression efficacy displayed limited susceptibility to corpus size scalability, a behavior contrasting markedly with dictionary-based methods that frequently demonstrated efficiency gains proportional to corpus size increments. In addition, the preliminary results suggest the potential for hybridizing LPPIE with traditional entropy encoding, which is a measure that could mitigate its pronounced overhead in scenarios involving repetitive data patterns, thus expanding its application spectrum.
Lastly, a subtle yet significant factor involved the interpretability of compressed outputs; LPPIE-encoded data exhibited an unconventional numeric substratum that, although bijective, was less intuitive than traditional methods, thus potentially complicating diagnostic and error-correction efforts during archival operations.
In these results, observations were recorded, patterns were noted, and complexity was perceived as notably elevated. High durations were required for LPPIE, thus indicating extensive computational overhead. Distinct compression tools were evaluated, revealing disparate magnitudes of compression quality. The original file, measured at a colossal size, was processed into a minimized form, though an enormous temporal cost was observed. Such outcomes, examined thoroughly, suggest that attempts to ameliorate processing steps might prove beneficial. It was compressed about seventy-six times smaller than the original size. Our approach required an iterative process that produced extraordinary transformations. Intricate LPPIE exhibited interaction with data structures, highlighting an intricate interplay between numeric precision and compression efficacy. These transformations were deployed to deal with complex numeric constructs, resulting in dramatically reduced storage footprints though with significant computation times. No trivial methods were utilized. Transcoding through iterative logarithmic reductions yielded significant shrinkage, although protracted execution periods were confirmed. Advantages were conferred through massive size reduction plus potential applicability in archival scenarios. Disadvantages were revealed through extensive temporal burdens, creating obstacles in prompt usage scenarios. The complexity was not diminished. Observations indicated that implementation in domains where offline compression suffices, or where restricted transmission capacity prevails, could yield utility. Potential usage could be envisioned in long-term data storage repositories or as a technique beneficial in fields involving large-scale scientific datasets. Perhaps, through additional refinements, the performance could be improved, although definitive assertions remained unverified.
Extant textual streams were compressed via LPPIE; even verbose logs yielded marked compaction. An instance regarding clinical narratives showed ratio of 0.14, mirroring earlier entropy limits [22,47,48,49,50,51]. RWM indicates that richer paradigms demand adjunct entropy models. The numeric payloads, notably synthetic matrices alongside transfer ledgers, responded superbly, yielding a median ratio of 0.013. The iterative logarithmic depth seldom exceeded five, ensuring bounded metadata. Yet, heterogenous sensor binaries remain partly unexplored, prompting variance studies. Its evaluation potency stands in for synthetic ledger benchmarks; nonetheless, diversified empirical corpora—scientific logs, medical sensors, among others—would broaden its external validity. Planned work will introduce stratified sampling to quantify the distributional drift.

5.2. Future Work and Applications

Future progress will concentrate upon three thematic directions. Hardware-assisted multi-precision routines shall be integrated, permitting logarithmic iterations to proceed without prohibitive latency. Furthermore, vectorized residue arithmetic will minimize memory traffic, ensuring that each numerical reflection inside the recursive sequence remains cache-resident. Data-distribution models will undergo probabilistic calibration, so content heterogeneity can become an explicit parameter rather than an unpredictable disturbance. Nonetheless, every optimization step will preserve bijective integrity, safeguarding archival authenticity.
Continual validation across sovereign cloud platforms represents the second trajectory. Regulatory frameworks frequently mandate deterministic decompressibility; therefore, containerized reference implementations will be delivered, with each accompanied by reproducible build artifacts in biomimetic ecosystems [52]. Such discipline will simplify large data transfer. Due to stringent uptime requirements, graceful fallback mechanisms will redirect traffic toward conventional codecs whenever LPPIE enters a maintenance window, thereby avoiding service outage.
Finally, additional theoretical work to reduce the computational overhead of LPPIE and derive sharper bounds on its convergence rate would be highly beneficial to LPPIE’s practical applications. A few potential avenues for this derivation may include modifications to sequence (2) or precision implementation (2.8).

6. Conclusions

The presented research conclusively establishes that the introduced LPPIE distinctly transcends traditional paradigms of lossless compression. Through iterative logarithmic transmutations, the method achieves substantial numerical contraction, significantly surpassing conventional codecs in terms of storage economy. Such numerical metamorphoses perpetuate considerable reductions in data footprints, which are particularly advantageous when applied to magnitude-intensive information streams. Nonetheless, it remains evident that the substantial computational overhead inherent to LPPIE must be judiciously acknowledged, particularly regarding deployments sensitive to processing latency.
Furthermore, the findings underscore that while potential applications in archival contexts or infrequent data retrieval scenarios remain unequivocally promising, immediate, interactive, or high-frequency scenarios could find practical implementation restrictive. The method, therefore, necessitates strategic augmentations—such as hardware-assisted multi-precision operations or adaptive precision management—to align computational tractability with its remarkable compression performance. The architectural pivots previously discussed serve as foundational steps toward addressing these challenges, suggesting a viable trajectory for further refinement. LLPIE offers a compelling redefinition of lossless compression capabilities. Future work holds significant potential for further elaboration on precision-controlled numerical manipulations, potentially enabling broader applicability across diverse computational milieus. Through such methodological evolution, LPPIE stands poised to produce lasting impacts on data storage efficiency, presenting opportunities for transformative integration within computational fields that demand extraordinary storage economy without sacrificing the imperative of absolute data fidelity.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, V.A.; software, V.A.; investigation, V.A.; writing—review and editing, V.A., N.G., C.X., S.E., Z.Y., and G.A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

The data are available upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Figure 1. Histogram illustrating the frequency distribution of stopping times Λ ( x ) for iterative logarithmic transformations, highlighting peak occurrences at depth three, sparse higher-depth instances, and the skewed convergence pattern across various numeric substrings.
Figure 1. Histogram illustrating the frequency distribution of stopping times Λ ( x ) for iterative logarithmic transformations, highlighting peak occurrences at depth three, sparse higher-depth instances, and the skewed convergence pattern across various numeric substrings.
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Figure 2. Operational diagram illustrating LPPIE integrated with entropy encoding (LPPIE-EE), emphasizing iterative logarithmic transformations and subsequent entropy-based metadata compaction.
Figure 2. Operational diagram illustrating LPPIE integrated with entropy encoding (LPPIE-EE), emphasizing iterative logarithmic transformations and subsequent entropy-based metadata compaction.
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Figure 3. Heatmap visualization of normalized performance across various lossless compression codecs, emphasizing LPPIE’s significant compression advantage.
Figure 3. Heatmap visualization of normalized performance across various lossless compression codecs, emphasizing LPPIE’s significant compression advantage.
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Table 1. Comparative characteristics of LPPIE, Zstd, and Brotli.
Table 1. Comparative characteristics of LPPIE, Zstd, and Brotli.
MetricLPPIEZstdBrotli
SpeedModerateRapidRapid
EfficiencyHighMediumMedium
ApplicabilityNumeric streamsGeneral filesWeb payload
Table 2. Depth frequency within mixed corpus.
Table 2. Depth frequency within mixed corpus.
r1234+
Count12,87158,40273,1191066
Ratio %7.433.642.10.6
Table 3. Resource utilization under distinct precision policies.
Table 3. Resource utilization under distinct precision policies.
StrategyRAM (MB)CPU (ms)
Static FP64 (64-bit floating point)512140
Adaptive Mantissa25690
MTGP12870
Table 4. Projected compression metrics for canonical codecs: 1 GB and 100 GB corpora.
Table 4. Projected compression metrics for canonical codecs: 1 GB and 100 GB corpora.
AlgorithmRatioSave %1 GB kB100 GB kB
brotli 0.753511 24.65 790,113.55 79,011,355.03
zstd 0.753686 24.63 790,297.05 79,029,705.11
zopfli 0.755099 24.49 791,778.69 79,177,868.90
bzip2 0.758362 24.16 795,200.19 79,520,019.25
gzip 0.760681 23.93 797,631.84 79,763,184.03
zip 0.760681 23.93 797,631.84 79,763,184.03
xz 0.768212 23.18 805,528.67 80,552,866.61
lzip 0.768597 23.14 805,932.37 80,593,236.79
7z 0.771321 22.87 808,788.69 80,878,868.89
zlib 0.760681 23.93 797,631.84 79,763,184.03
LPPIE 0.013000 98.70 13,631.49 1,363,148.80
Table 5. Isolated impact of architectural pivots.
Table 5. Isolated impact of architectural pivots.
PivotRatioTimeMemory
Partitioning0.181.01.2
Precision
scheduling
0.220.91.1
Golomb–Rice0.240.951.0
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Alevizos, V.; Yue, Z.; Edralin, S.; Xu, C.; Gerolimos, N.; Papakostas, G.A. A Logarithmic Compression Method for Magnitude-Rich Data: The LPPIE Approach. Technologies 2025, 13, 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070278

AMA Style

Alevizos V, Yue Z, Edralin S, Xu C, Gerolimos N, Papakostas GA. A Logarithmic Compression Method for Magnitude-Rich Data: The LPPIE Approach. Technologies. 2025; 13(7):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070278

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alevizos, Vasileios, Zongliang Yue, Sabrina Edralin, Clark Xu, Nikitas Gerolimos, and George A. Papakostas. 2025. "A Logarithmic Compression Method for Magnitude-Rich Data: The LPPIE Approach" Technologies 13, no. 7: 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070278

APA Style

Alevizos, V., Yue, Z., Edralin, S., Xu, C., Gerolimos, N., & Papakostas, G. A. (2025). A Logarithmic Compression Method for Magnitude-Rich Data: The LPPIE Approach. Technologies, 13(7), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070278

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