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Volume 14
Issue 21
10.3390/plants14213282
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Integration of Transcriptome, miRNA-Omics, and Hormone Metabolism Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Camellia drupifera Fruit Maturation

by
Jin Zhao
1,
Xue Sun
1,
Yanqiang Yao
1,
Ya Liu
1,
Dongmei Yang
1,
Huageng Yang
1,
Jing Yu
1,
Daojun Zheng
2,* and
Yougen Wu
1,*
1
School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
2
The Key Laboratory of Tropic Special Economic Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Tropical Horticulture Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2025, 14(21), 3282; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213282 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 September 2025 / Revised: 2 October 2025 / Accepted: 22 October 2025 / Published: 27 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Molecular Biology)
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Abstract

Camellia drupifera is an important woody oil crop with high economic and medicinal value. Fruit maturation is a complex process regulated by hormones and gene networks, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. Here, we integrated hormone profiling (IAA, GA3, ABA), transcriptomics, and miRNA-omics across three key stages: nutrient synthesis (S1), lipid accumulation (S4), and maturation (S7). During early development (S1), IAA and GA3 levels peaked, accompanied by the upregulation of growth-related genes (AUX1, ARF, GID1), which promote fruit growth. By maturation (S7), ABA content increased markedly, activating PYR/PYL, PP2C, and ABF, while IAA and GA3 declined. Transcriptome analysis revealed 45 key differentially expressed genes correlated with hormone levels. In parallel, miRNAs such as miR393-z (targeting TIR1) and novel-m0146-5p (targeting ARF1) were identified as regulators of hormone signaling and fruit maturation. Collectively, our results highlight a coordinated “hormone–miRNA–mRNA” regulatory network underlying C. drupifera fruit development. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation of fruit maturation and lipid accumulation in woody oil crops, offering a foundation for genetic improvement and efficient utilization of this species.
Keywords: Camellia drupifera; fruit maturation; plant hormones; mRNA; microRNA Camellia drupifera; fruit maturation; plant hormones; mRNA; microRNA
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, J.; Sun, X.; Yao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Yang, D.; Yang, H.; Yu, J.; Zheng, D.; Wu, Y. Integration of Transcriptome, miRNA-Omics, and Hormone Metabolism Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Camellia drupifera Fruit Maturation. Plants 2025, 14, 3282. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213282

AMA Style

Zhao J, Sun X, Yao Y, Liu Y, Yang D, Yang H, Yu J, Zheng D, Wu Y. Integration of Transcriptome, miRNA-Omics, and Hormone Metabolism Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Camellia drupifera Fruit Maturation. Plants. 2025; 14(21):3282. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213282

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Jin, Xue Sun, Yanqiang Yao, Ya Liu, Dongmei Yang, Huageng Yang, Jing Yu, Daojun Zheng, and Yougen Wu. 2025. "Integration of Transcriptome, miRNA-Omics, and Hormone Metabolism Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Camellia drupifera Fruit Maturation" Plants 14, no. 21: 3282. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213282

APA Style

Zhao, J., Sun, X., Yao, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, D., Yang, H., Yu, J., Zheng, D., & Wu, Y. (2025). Integration of Transcriptome, miRNA-Omics, and Hormone Metabolism Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Camellia drupifera Fruit Maturation. Plants, 14(21), 3282. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213282

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