Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Variability of HMWGS and LMWGS
2.2. Phylogeny and Amino Acid Sequence Analysis
2.3. Determination of Repeat Motifs
2.4. Computational Chemical Analysis
2.4.1. Glu-A1 Subunit
2.4.2. Glu-B1 Subunit
2.4.3. Glu-B3 Subunit
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Experiment Design
4.2. Protein Extraction and Gluten Strength Evaluation
4.3. SDS-PAGE
4.4. Bioinformatics Analysis
4.5. Computational Chemical Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Glutenin Subunit | HMWGS and LMWGS | Na | Frequency (%) | Mean (±SE) Value for | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-B3 | Protein Content (%) | SDSS Volume (mL) | |||
Genotypic Class | |||||||
1 | 1 | 7+9 | LMW-2 | 1 | 1.96 | 14.32 | 45.25 |
2 | 1 | 13+16 | LMW-2 | 1 | 1.96 | 12.98 | 41.25 |
3 | Null | 7 | LMW-1 | 7 | 13.73 | 13.22 ± 0.26 | 33.32 ± 0.79 |
4 | Null | 7 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 13.26 ± 0.25 | 38.92 ± 1.45 |
5 | Null | 7+8 | LMW-1 | 1 | 1.96 | 14.23 | 36.5 |
6 | Null | 7+8 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 14.32 ± 0.42 | 46.25 ± 0.29 |
7 | Null | 7+9 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 14.11 ± 0.28 | 45.08 ± 1.09 |
8 | Null | 6+8 | LMW-1 | 5 | 9.80 | 14.18 ± 0.18 | 33.30 ± 0.43 |
9 | Null | 6+8 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 13.74 ± 0.50 | 37.75 ± 0.95 |
10 | Null | 20 | LMW-1 | 3 | 5.88 | 14.03 ± 0.33 | 35.42 ± 0.51 |
11 | Null | 20 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 13.88 ± 0.26 | 39.42 ± 1.17 |
12 | Null | 13+16 | LMW-1 | 5 | 9.80 | 13.58 ± 0.34 | 39.80 ± 0.18 |
13 | Null | 13+16 | LMW-2 | 6 | 11.76 | 14.23 ± 0.24 | 45.08 ± 0.95 |
14 | Null | 13+19 | LMW-2 | 3 | 5.88 | 13.57 ± 0.38 | 36.50 ± 1.23 |
15 | Null | 14+15 | LMW-1 | 1 | 1.96 | 13.75 | 31.25 |
16 | Null | 17+18 | LMW-2 | 2 | 3.92 | 13.26 ± 0.31 | 40.75 ± 0.50 |
17 | Null | 21 | LMW-1 | 1 | 1.96 | 14.32 | 32.25 |
Allelic Group | Na | Mean (±SE) Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Protein Content (%) | SDSS Volume (mL) | ||
Glu-A1alleles | |||
1 | 2 | 13.65 ± 0.67 | 43.25 ± 2.00 |
null | 49 | 13.80 ± 0.09 | 38.55 ± 0.70 |
Glu-B1alleles | |||
7 | 10 | 13.23 ± 0.18 | 35.00 ± 1.08 |
7+8 | 4 | 14.30 ± 0.30 | 43.81 ± 2.44 |
7+9 | 4 | 14.16 ± 0.20 | 45.13 ± 0.77 |
6+8 | 8 | 14.01 ± 0.21 | 34.97 ± 0.90 |
20 | 6 | 13.96 ± 0.19 | 37.42 ± 1.06 |
13+16 | 12 | 13.85 ± 0.21 | 42.56 ± 0.89 |
13+19 | 3 | 13.57 ± 0.38 | 36.50 ± 1.28 |
14+15 | 1 | 13.75 | 31.25 |
17+18 | 2 | 13.26 ± 0.31 | 40.75 ± 0.50 |
21 | 1 | 14.32 | 32.25 |
Glu-B3 alleles | |||
LMW-1 | 24 | 13.69 ± 0.14 | 35.26 ± 0.66 |
LMW-2 | 27 | 13.88 ± 0.12 | 41.82 ± 0.77 |
Source of Variation | DF | Mean Square | |
---|---|---|---|
SDS-Sedimentation | Protein Content | ||
Glu-A1.(A) | 1 | 1.75 | 0.30 |
Glu-B1.(B) | 9 | 45.06 *** | 0.74 |
Glu-B3.(C) | 1 | 76.13 *** | 1.15 |
A × B | 1 a | 0.65 | 0.26 |
B × C | 4 b | 4.37 | 0.37 |
Error | 34 | 3.03 | 0.39 |
Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients | |||||||
1 | 2 | ||||||
Protein content | −0.03602 | 1.00824 | |||||
SDSS test | 1.00413 | −0.09779 | |||||
Discriminant Function | Eigenvalue Percentage | Relative Correlation | Canonical | ||||
1 | 10.7024 | 94.98 | 0.9563 | ||||
2 | 0.5651 | 5.02 | 0.6009 | ||||
FunctionDerived | Wilks’Lambda | Chi-Square | DF | p-Value | |||
0 | 0.054598 | 117.764 | 32 | 0.0000 | |||
1 | 0.638926 | 18.143 | 15 | 0.2552 |
SOV | DF | Mean Square |
---|---|---|
LMW-1 allele | ||
Regression. | 1 | 8.644 |
Residual. | 22 | 10.683 |
LMW-2 allele | ||
Regression. | 1 | 135.606 ** |
Residual. | 25 | 11.244 |
Motif | T. turgidum | T. aestivum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-B3 | Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-B3 | |
Tripeptide (GQQ) | 0 | 31 | 0 | 41 | 40 | 0 |
Hexapeptide (PGQGQQ) | 0 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 14 | 0 |
Nona peptide (GYYPTSPQQ) | 0 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 0 |
Triticum turgidum | Triticum aestivum | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-B3 | Glu-A1 | Glu-B1 | Glu-B3 | |
Protein size (aa) | 846 | 795 | 350 | 824 | 747 | 350 |
Protein MW (KD) | 87.29 | 86.07 | 39.82 | 89.45 | 80.14 | 39.91 |
(Asp + Glu) | 107 | 20 | 7 | 29 | 17 | 6 |
(Arg + Lys) | 113 | 31 | 9 | 28 | 23 | 11 |
Aliphatic index | 63.11 | 24.70 | 68.49 | 32.68 | 25.89 | 72.40 |
Instability index | 55.87 | 91.64 | 113.15 | 94.49 | 90.97 | 111.91 |
Theoretical pI | 8.66 | 9.21 | 8.14 | 6.54 | 8.81 | 8.87 |
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Al-Khayri, J.M.; Alshegaihi, R.M.; Mahgoub, E.I.; Mansour, E.; Atallah, O.O.; Sattar, M.N.; Al-Mssallem, M.Q.; Alessa, F.M.; Aldaej, M.I.; Hassanin, A.A. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants 2023, 12, 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416
Al-Khayri JM, Alshegaihi RM, Mahgoub EI, Mansour E, Atallah OO, Sattar MN, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Aldaej MI, Hassanin AA. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants. 2023; 12(6):1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Khayri, Jameel M., Rana M. Alshegaihi, ELsayed I. Mahgoub, Elsayed Mansour, Osama O. Atallah, Muhammad N. Sattar, Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem, Fatima M. Alessa, Mohammed I. Aldaej, and Abdallah A. Hassanin. 2023. "Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.)" Plants 12, no. 6: 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416