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Article

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies

by
Johann Röhrl
1,
Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs
1,
Manuela Jaklin
1,
Markus Werner
2,
Oliver Werz
2,
Heinke Josef
3,
Hubert Hölz
3,
Aldo Ammendola
4 and
Gerald Künstle
1,*
1
Preclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
2
Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
3
Quality Control, Weleda AG, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
4
Research and Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061348
Submission received: 14 December 2022 / Revised: 22 February 2023 / Accepted: 8 March 2023 / Published: 16 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivities in Plant Extracts)
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Abstract

Arnica montana is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. While the anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos) has been extensively studied, that of the whole plant (Arnicae planta tota) is less characterized. We compared the ability of Arnicae planta tota and Arnicae flos extracts to inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB—eicosanoid pathway, using several in vitro and in vivo assays. We showed that Arnicae planta tota inhibited NF-κB reporter activation, with an IC50 of 15.4 μg/mL (vs. 52.5 μg/mL for Arnicae flos). Arnicae planta tota also inhibited LPS-induced expression of ALOX5 and PTGS2 genes in human differentiated macrophages. ALOX5 and PTGS2 encode the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes that initialize the conversion of arachidonic acid into leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively. Arnicae planta tota inhibited 5-LO and COX-2 enzymatic activity in vitro and in human primary peripheral blood cells, with lower IC50 compared to Arnicae flos. Finally, Arnicae planta tota applied topically reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema more efficiently than Arnicae flos. Altogether, Arnicae planta tota displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to Arnicae flos, suggesting that Arnicae-planta-tota-containing products might be more effective in alleviating the manifestations of acute inflammation than those based on Arnicae flos alone.
Keywords: Arnica montana planta tota; Arnica montana flos; inflammation; NF-κB; leukotrienes; prostaglandins; arachidonic acid; carrageenan-induced paw oedema; 5-lipoxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2 Arnica montana planta tota; Arnica montana flos; inflammation; NF-κB; leukotrienes; prostaglandins; arachidonic acid; carrageenan-induced paw oedema; 5-lipoxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Röhrl, J.; Piqué-Borràs, M.-R.; Jaklin, M.; Werner, M.; Werz, O.; Josef, H.; Hölz, H.; Ammendola, A.; Künstle, G. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies. Plants 2023, 12, 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061348

AMA Style

Röhrl J, Piqué-Borràs M-R, Jaklin M, Werner M, Werz O, Josef H, Hölz H, Ammendola A, Künstle G. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies. Plants. 2023; 12(6):1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061348

Chicago/Turabian Style

Röhrl, Johann, Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs, Manuela Jaklin, Markus Werner, Oliver Werz, Heinke Josef, Hubert Hölz, Aldo Ammendola, and Gerald Künstle. 2023. "Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies" Plants 12, no. 6: 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061348

APA Style

Röhrl, J., Piqué-Borràs, M.-R., Jaklin, M., Werner, M., Werz, O., Josef, H., Hölz, H., Ammendola, A., & Künstle, G. (2023). Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Arnica montana Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies. Plants, 12(6), 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061348

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