Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Both Cb-C and Wb-T Are the Descendants of Wb-NE
2.2. Wb-T Contributed More to Cb-C Than Wb-NE
2.3. Wb-T Was the Product of Feralization or Hybridization of Cultivated Barley
2.4. Different Evolutionary Stages Were Accompanied by Different Sets of Divergent Metabolites
2.5. Positive Selective Genes and SNPs Influencing the Metabolic Divergence
3. Discussion
3.1. Origin and Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China
3.2. Metabolic Divergence in the Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Growth Conditions
4.2. RNA Sequencing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Calling
4.3. Genetic Diversity Analysis
4.4. PCA and Population Structure Inference Based on SNPs of RNA-Seq
4.5. Genomic Similarity Analysis
4.6. Demographic History, Migration Event, and Haplotype Detection
4.7. Extraction and Detection of Untargeted Metabolites
4.8. PCA and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis Based on Metabolites
4.9. Qst–Fst Comparison
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | π | θW | MAF | PIC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wb-NE | 0.23036 | 0.21255 | 0.1745 | 0.2176 |
Wb-T | 0.18906 | 0.15944 | 0.1453 | 0.1796 |
Cb-C | 0.11034 | 0.10183 | 0.1120 | 0.1048 |
Gene ID | KEGG ID | Function |
---|---|---|
HORVU1Hr1G010130 | K00001 | alcohol dehydrogenase |
HORVU4Hr1G013370 | K01557 | FAHD1, acylpyruvate hydrolase |
HORVU3Hr1G073220 | K14454 | GOT1, aspartate aminotransferase |
HORVU6Hr1G027650 | K00457 | HPD, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
Gene ID | KEGG ID | Function |
---|---|---|
HORVU3Hr1G080830 | K00487 | C4H, CYP73A, trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase |
HORVU4Hr1G072150 | K01904 | 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
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Zhou, Y.; Lu, G.; Sun, G.; Sun, D.; Ren, X. Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China. Plants 2022, 11, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020209
Zhou Y, Lu G, Sun G, Sun D, Ren X. Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China. Plants. 2022; 11(2):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020209
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yu, Guang Lu, Genlou Sun, Daokun Sun, and Xifeng Ren. 2022. "Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China" Plants 11, no. 2: 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020209