Influence of Intact Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Microbiome Functional Profile in Wheat under Mn Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Wheat Root Colonization, Photosynthetic Parameters, and Shoot Development
2.2. Soil Microbial Activity
2.3. Functional Groups of Culturable Microorganisms
2.4. Enzymatic Activity
2.5. Correlation Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design
4.2. Soil Microbial Activity
4.3. Functional Groups of Culturable Microorganisms
4.4. Enzyme Activity
4.5. Photosynthetic Parameters
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fv/Fm (µg/cm2) | A (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | |||||
Plant Type | U | D | U | D | ||||
O. compressus | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | A | 16.61 | 13.52 | 15.06 | AB |
L. rigidum | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.77 | A | 16.44 | 16.33 | 16.39 | A |
S. gallica | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.75 | A | 17.48 | 18.97 | 18.22 | A |
No Plant | 0.7 | 0.70 | B | 0.70 | 0.70 | B | ||
Mean soil | 0.74 | 0.75 | 15.57 | 15.14 |
SBR | C-Mic | qCO2 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg CO2 Kg−1 Soil h−1) | (mg C Kg−1 Soil) | (mg CO2 mg−1 C-mic h−1) ×10−3 | |||||||||
Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | ||||||
Plant Type | U | D | U | D | U | D | |||||
O. compressus | 1.19 | 1.13 | 1.16 | A | 137.73 | 106.48 | 122.10 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 9.7 | A |
L. rigidum | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.09 | AB | 113.42 | 114.58 | 114.00 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.8 | A |
S. gallica | 0.86 | 1.04 | 0.95 | B | 129.63 | 118.05 | 123.84 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 8.1 | AB |
No Plant | 0.54 | 0.54 | C | 99.53 | 99.53 | 5.5 | 5.5 | B | |||
Mean soil | 0.92 | 0.95 | 120.08 | 109.66 | 7.8 | 8.8 |
Total Bacteria | P Solubilizers | Ammonifiers | S Oxidizers | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Log CFU g−1) | (Log MPN g−1) | |||||||||||||||||||
Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | |||||||||||||
Plant Type | U | D | U | D | U | D | U | D | ||||||||||||
O. compressus | 6.16 | 6.32 | 6.24 | B | 5.49 | 5.31 | 5.40 | AB | 7.32 | 8.91 | 8.11 | 3.14 | 4.39 | 3.77 | ||||||
L. rigidum | 6.24 | 6.61 | 6.42 | AB | 5.52 | 5.95 | 5.74 | A | 6.93 | 8.24 | 7.59 | 3.44 | 4.28 | 3.86 | ||||||
S. gallica | 6.50 | 6.54 | 6.52 | A | 5.16 | 5.37 | 5.26 | B | 7.44 | 8.04 | 7.74 | 3.65 | 4.23 | 3.94 | ||||||
No Plant | 6.25 | 6.25 | B | 5.66 | 5.66 | AB | 7.30 | 7.30 | 3.63 | 3.63 | ||||||||||
Mean soil | 6.29 | B | 6.43 | A | 5.46 | 5.57 | 7.25 | B | 8.12 | A | 3.47 | B | 4.13 | A |
Arylsulfatase | Phosphatase | β-Glucosidase | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(nmol ρ-Nitrophenol g−1 Dry Soil h−1) | ||||||||||||||
Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | Soil Disturbance | Mean Plant | |||||||||
Plant Type | U | D | U | D | U | D | ||||||||
O. compressus | 37.50 | 41.22 | 39.36 | AB | 2091.81 | 2250.25 | 2171.03 | B | 499.09 | 621.40 | 560.24 | AB | ||
L. rigidum | 42.86 | 41.61 | 42.24 | A | 2255.14 | 2391.39 | 2323.27 | AB | 538.91 | 687.76 | 613.34 | A | ||
S. gallica | 37.66 | 36.84 | 37.25 | AB | 2430.72 | 2600.24 | 2515.48 | A | 476.75 | 483.34 | 480.04 | B | ||
No Plant | 33.56 | 33.56 | B | 1908.00 | 1908.00 | C | 548.69 | 548.69 | AB | |||||
Mean soil | 37.90 | 38.31 | 2171.42 | 2287.47 | 515.86 | B | 585.30 | A |
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Conceição, T.A.; Andrade, G.; Brito, I. Influence of Intact Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Microbiome Functional Profile in Wheat under Mn Stress. Plants 2022, 11, 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192598
Conceição TA, Andrade G, Brito I. Influence of Intact Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Microbiome Functional Profile in Wheat under Mn Stress. Plants. 2022; 11(19):2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192598
Chicago/Turabian StyleConceição, Taiana A., Galdino Andrade, and Isabel Brito. 2022. "Influence of Intact Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Microbiome Functional Profile in Wheat under Mn Stress" Plants 11, no. 19: 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192598