Biotization of Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis in Mentha spicata Microplants to Promote Growth, Pathogen Tolerance and Specialized Plant Metabolites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antagonism of T. asperellum and B. subtilis against Rhizoctonia sp.
2.2. Determination of the Incubation Period of Endophytes on Roots of M. spicata Microplants
2.3. Evaluation of the Effect of Microplants Biotization on Survival during the Acclimatization Phase
2.4. Isolation of Endophytes in Tissues and Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Microorganisms under Greenhose Conditions
2.5. Effect of Biotizated M. spicata Plantlets on Dry Biomass and Incidence of Rhizoctonia sp. under Greenhouse Conditions
2.6. Effect of Biotizated M. spicata Plantlets on the Content of Some Specialized Metabolites under Nursery Conditions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Endophytic Microorganism
4.4. Isolation of Rhizoctonia sp.
4.5. Antagonism Tests T. asperellum and B. subtilis vs Rhizoctonia sp.
4.6. Determination of the Incubation Period of the Endophytes in M. spicata Microplants
4.7. Evaluation of the Effect of Microplants Biotization on Survival during the Acclimatization Phase
4.8. Isolation of Endophytes in Tissues and Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Microorganisms under Greenhose Conditions
- ▪
- Backt_341 F (5′-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3′)
- ▪
- Backt_805 R (5′-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3′)
4.9. Evaluation of the Effect of Inoculation of Biotized Plants with Rhizoctonia sp. under Greenhouse Conditions
4.10. Determination of the Disease Incidence
4.11. Determination of the Biomass of the Plants
4.12. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
4.13. Phenolic Compounds Identification by HPLC-DAD
4.14. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis
4.15. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microorganism | Growth Inhibition (%) |
---|---|
T. asperellum | 69.5 |
B. subtilis | 63.8 |
Treatments | Survival Percentage | Plant Height (cm) |
---|---|---|
T. asperellum | 95a | 12a |
B. subtilis | 93a | 15a |
Control | 75b | 8b |
Code | Treatment | Code | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|
(TP) | Spearmint plants with endophyte Trichoderma asperellum + Rhizoctonia sp. | (B) | Spearmint plants with endophyte Bacillus subtilis Rhizoctonia free |
(BP) | Spearmint plants with endophyte Bacillus subtilis + Rhizoctonia sp. | (C) | Spearmint plants without endophyte (test) |
(T) | Spearmint plants with endophyte T. asperellum Rhizoctonia free | (P) | Spearmint plants infected with Rhizoctonia without endophyte |
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Castro-Restrepo, D.; Dominguez, M.I.; Gaviria-Gutiérrez, B.; Osorio, E.; Sierra, K. Biotization of Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis in Mentha spicata Microplants to Promote Growth, Pathogen Tolerance and Specialized Plant Metabolites. Plants 2022, 11, 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111474
Castro-Restrepo D, Dominguez MI, Gaviria-Gutiérrez B, Osorio E, Sierra K. Biotization of Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis in Mentha spicata Microplants to Promote Growth, Pathogen Tolerance and Specialized Plant Metabolites. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111474
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro-Restrepo, Dagoberto, Maria Isabel Dominguez, Bertha Gaviria-Gutiérrez, Edison Osorio, and Karina Sierra. 2022. "Biotization of Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis in Mentha spicata Microplants to Promote Growth, Pathogen Tolerance and Specialized Plant Metabolites" Plants 11, no. 11: 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111474