Comparison of the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water and Artificially Prepared Plasma-Activated Water on Wheat Grain Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Effect of Plasma on Seeds
1.2. Plasma-Activated Water (PAW)
1.3. Reactive Particles of PAW
1.3.1. Acidity and Hydrogen Peroxide
1.3.2. Ozone
1.3.3. Nitrous Acid
1.3.4. Peroxynitrous Acid (ONOOH)
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. PAW Preparation
4.2. PAW Analysis
4.3. Artificial PAW Preparation
4.4. Germination and Early Growth Tests
4.5. Inoculum Preparation
4.6. Grain Inoculation
4.7. Grain Treatments
4.8. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Germination (%) | Length of Root (mm) | Length of Shoot (mm) | Weight of Fresh Root (mg) | Weight of Fresh Shoot (mg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | |
Control | 92.67 ± 1.88 a | 36.63 ± 1.05 a | 15.97 ± 0.42 a | 578.80 ± 26.66 a | 380.20 ± 15.25 a |
Artificial PAW | 94.00 ± 1.85 ab | 26.38 ± 1.17 b | 19.03 ± 0.59 b | 575.20 ± 31.95 a | 498.20 ± 26.80 b |
Plasma PAW | 99.33 ± 1.75 b | 23.06 ± 1.00 b | 18.42 ± 0.53 b | 491.00 ± 34.29 a | 497.00 ± 16.65 b |
Treatment | Weight of Dried Root (mg) | Weight of Dried Shoot (mg) | R/S Length | R/S Fresh Weight | R/S Dry Weight |
Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | |
Control | 64.40 ± 2.42 a | 49.00 ± 1.58 a | 2.30 ± 0.04 a | 1.53 ± 0.06 a | 1.23 ± 0.06 a |
Artificial PAW | 67.00 ± 1.97 a | 62.20 ± 2.40 b | 1.31 ± 0.08 b | 1.15 ± 0.01 b | 1.08 ± 0.02 ab |
Plasma PAW | 66.20 ± 2.18 a | 67.80 ± 2.18 b | 1.25 ± 0.03 b | 0.98 ± 0.05 c | 0.98 ± 0.03 b |
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Jirešová, J.; Scholtz, V.; Julák, J.; Šerá, B. Comparison of the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water and Artificially Prepared Plasma-Activated Water on Wheat Grain Properties. Plants 2022, 11, 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111471
Jirešová J, Scholtz V, Julák J, Šerá B. Comparison of the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water and Artificially Prepared Plasma-Activated Water on Wheat Grain Properties. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111471
Chicago/Turabian StyleJirešová, Jana, Vladimír Scholtz, Jaroslav Julák, and Božena Šerá. 2022. "Comparison of the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water and Artificially Prepared Plasma-Activated Water on Wheat Grain Properties" Plants 11, no. 11: 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111471