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Article

Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage

by
Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo
1,2,
Rosendo Balois-Morales
1,2,
Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez
2,
Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco
2,
José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita
2,
Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales
1,2,* and
Guillermo Berumen-Varela
2,*
1
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, Mexico
2
Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2021, 10(7), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071432
Submission received: 16 June 2021 / Revised: 9 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021 / Published: 14 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Young Investigators in Plant Sciences)
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Abstract

Soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) production is diminished by the attack of pathogens such as Nectria haematococca. However, the fruit–pathogen interaction at the biochemical and molecular levels is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of the soursop fruit to the presence of N. haematococca during postharvest storage. Soursop fruits were inoculated with the pathogen and total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity by Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+), and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), as well as enzymatic activity and transcript levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 days of storage. The noninoculated fruits were the controls of the experiment. The highest total phenol content was recorded on day one in the inoculated fruits. FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH activity presented the highest values on day three in the control fruits. Inoculated fruits recorded the highest PPO activity on day five and a five-fold induction in the PPO transcript on day three. SOD activity showed a decrease during the days of storage and 10-fold induction of SOD transcript on day three in the inoculated fruits. Principal component analysis showed that total phenols were the variable that contributed the most to the observed variations. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total phenols and SOD activity, PPO expression, and SOD expression, as well as between DPPH and FRAP, was recorded. The results showed a differential response in antioxidant capacity, enzymatic activity, and gene expression during the interaction of soursop fruits–N. haematococca at postharvest storage.
Keywords: antioxidant activity; early response; total soluble phenols; polyphenol oxidase; superoxide dismutase; gene expression antioxidant activity; early response; total soluble phenols; polyphenol oxidase; superoxide dismutase; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rubio-Melgarejo, A.; Balois-Morales, R.; Ochoa-Jiménez, V.A.; Casas-Junco, P.P.; Jiménez-Zurita, J.O.; Bautista-Rosales, P.U.; Berumen-Varela, G. Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage. Plants 2021, 10, 1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071432

AMA Style

Rubio-Melgarejo A, Balois-Morales R, Ochoa-Jiménez VA, Casas-Junco PP, Jiménez-Zurita JO, Bautista-Rosales PU, Berumen-Varela G. Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage. Plants. 2021; 10(7):1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071432

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubio-Melgarejo, Alejandro, Rosendo Balois-Morales, Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez, Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco, José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita, Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales, and Guillermo Berumen-Varela. 2021. "Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage" Plants 10, no. 7: 1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071432

APA Style

Rubio-Melgarejo, A., Balois-Morales, R., Ochoa-Jiménez, V. A., Casas-Junco, P. P., Jiménez-Zurita, J. O., Bautista-Rosales, P. U., & Berumen-Varela, G. (2021). Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage. Plants, 10(7), 1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071432

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