Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Locations of Grape Cultivars
2.2. Imaging System and Sampling
2.3. Morphology and Dimensional Attributes
2.4. Elliptic Fourier Analysis
2.5. Statistical Assessments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Basic Morphology and Dimensional Attributes Measured at Horizontal and Vertical Orientations
3.2. Basic Morphology and Dimensional Attributes of the Grape Cultivars
3.3. Eigen Statistics for Two Principal Components
3.4. The Results of the Discriminant Analysis and Pair-Wise Comparisons
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivars | Berry Skin Color |
---|---|
Amasya beyazı | Green-yellow |
Antep karası | Black |
Bahçeli karası | Black |
Çavuş | Green-yellow |
Cevşen | Green-yellow |
Crimson | Dark red |
Dimrit | Purple-black |
Erenköy beyazı | Green-yellow |
Hafizali | Green-yellow |
Karaşabi | Black |
Kırmızı | Dark red |
Izabella (İsabella) | Dark purple-black |
Morşabi | Purple |
Müşgüle | Green-yellow |
Nuniya | Green-yellow |
Royal | Black |
Sultani çekirdeksiz (Sultanina) | Green-yellow |
Yalova incisi | Green-yellow |
Yerli beyaz | Green-yellow |
Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz | Green-ellow |
Morphological–Dimensional Attributes | Equations | References |
---|---|---|
) | ; for hor. orientation ; for vertical orientation | [38] |
Geometric mean diameter (Dg, mm) | [39] | |
Sphericity (φ, %) | [40] | |
Volume (V, mm3) | Ellipse volume | |
Surface area (SA, mm2) | [41] | |
Circularity (C) | [42] |
Varieties | Horizontal Orientation | Vertical Orientation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Projected Area (mm2) | Feret Diameter (mm) | Perimeter (mm) | Aspect Ratio | Projected Area (mm2) | Feret Diameter (mm) | Perimeter (mm) | Aspect Ratio | |
Amasya beyazı | 371.2 ± 28.0 d,* | 21.73±0.81 d | 73.68 ± 2.94 d | 1.072 ± 0.042 klm | 356.8 ± 31.0 b | 21.30 ± 0.91 b | 71.31 ± 3.11 b | 1.028 ± 0.016 f |
Antep karası | 516.1 ± 47.9 a | 25.61 ± 1.19 a | 89.21 ± 4.21 a | 1.557 ± 0.103 a | 347.6 ± 37.6 bc | 21.01 ± 1.14 bc | 70.52 ± 4.01 b | 1.057 ± 0.041 a |
Bahçeli karası | 150.8 ± 14.2 m | 13.84 ± 0.65 o | 46.51 ± 2.26 o | 1.100 ± 0.035 j | 136.4 ± 13.7 j | 13.16 ± 0.65 j | 44.73 ± 2.30 j | 1.032 ± 0.017 cdef |
Çavuş | 345.3 ± 37.6 e | 20.94 ± 1.13 e | 71.34 ± 4.15 e | 1.103 ± 0.044 j | 316.0 ± 40.4 d | 20.02 ± 1.27 d | 68.00 ± 4.06 c | 1.036 ± 0.018 bcdef |
Cevşen | 297.6 ± 16.2 h | 19.46 ± 0.53 h | 65.97 ± 1.83 h | 1.095 ± 0.039 jkl | 278.3 ± 17.3 f | 18.81 ± 0.58 f | 63.32 ± 1.99 e | 1.034 ± 0.017 cdef |
Crimson | 276.4 ± 29.3 i | 18.73 ± 0.98 j | 63.63 ± 3.38 ji | 1.218 ± 0.056 g | 229.1 ± 22.4 h | 17.06 ± 0.83 h | 57.16 ± 2.71 h | 1.032 ± 0.017 cdef |
Dimrit | 256.6 ± 18.2 j | 18.06 ± 0.64 k | 61.27 ± 2.10 k | 1.100 ± 0.042 j | 233.7 ± 17.5 h | 17.24 ± 0.64 h | 58.52 ± 2.07 g | 1.036 ± 0.018 bcdef |
Erenköy beyazı | 289.9 ± 18.9 hi | 19.20 ± 0.63 hi | 65.40 ± 2.42 hi | 1.069 ± 0.028 lm | 277.6 ± 20.3 f | 18.79 ± 0.68 f | 63.55 ± 2.44 e | 1.027 ± 0.016 f |
Hafizali | 422.8 ± 37.6 b | 23.18 ± 1.04 b | 79.03 ± 3.88 b | 1.285 ± 0.058 de | 337.1 ± 30.3 c | 20.70 ± 0.93 c | 69.14 ± 3.09 c | 1.031 ± 0.017 cdef |
Karaşabi | 320.1 ± 27.4 g | 20.17 ± 0.87 g | 68.22 ± 3.08 g | 1.245 ± 0.059 f | 265.5 ± 24.2 g | 18.37 ± 0.85 g | 61.40 ± 2.82 f | 1.042 ± 0.027 bcd |
Kırmızı | 282.7 ± 25.3 i | 18.95 ± 0.83 ij | 64.40 ± 2.96 ji | 1.277 ± 0.061 de | 223.1 ± 19.9 h | 16.84 ± 0.74 h | 56.47 ± 2.35 h | 1.031 ± 0.020 def |
İzabella | 262.6 ± 27.5 j | 18.26 ± 0.95 k | 61.92 ± 3.27 k | 1.198 ± 0.058 hg | 225.7 ± 27.0 h | 16.92 ± 1.00 h | 56.73 ± 3.34 h | 1.036 ± 0.024 bcdef |
Morşabi | 327.5 ± 29.0 fg | 20.40 ± 0.91 fg | 69.44 ± 3.29 fg | 1.266 ± 0.057 ef | 262.3 ± 25.6 g | 18.25 ± 0.90 g | 61.22 ± 2.97 f | 1.030 ± 0.016 ef |
Müşgüle | 338.6 ± 22.6 ef | 20.75 ± 0.69 ef | 70.65 ± 2.43 ef | 1.146 ± 0.052 i | 299.8 ± 18.6 e | 19.53 ± 0.60 e | 66.00 ± 1.86 d | 1.034 ± 0.016 cdef |
Nuniya | 242.5 ± 25.8 k | 17.55 ± 0.94 ij | 59.31 ± 3.19 l | 1.180 ± 0.050 h | 208.1 ± 23.8 i | 16.25 ± 0.93 i | 54.56 ± 3.12 i | 1.040 ± 0.026 bcde |
Royal | 410.5 ± 43.0 bc | 22.83 ± 1.19 bc | 76.80 ± 3.96 c | 1.097 ± 0.055 ij | 379.7 ± 43.3 a | 21.95 ± 1.23 a | 73.26 ± 4.06 a | 1.046 ± 0.020 b |
Sultani çekirdeksiz | 159.7 ± 9.8 m | 14.25 ± 0.44 n | 48.99 ± 1.72 n | 1.326 ± 0.070 c | 120.6 ± 8.4 k | 12.38 ± 0.43 k | 42.12 ± 1.67 k | 1.042 ± 0.025 bc |
Yalova incisi | 401.1 ± 50.2 c | 22.56 ± 1.40 c | 77.63 ± 4.90 c | 1.415 ± 0.080 b | 285.4 ± 40.5 f | 19.02 ± 1.34 f | 65.51 ± 4.99 d | 1.034 ± 0.017 cdef |
Yerli beyaz | 201.3 ± 17.2 l | 16.00 ± 0.68 m | 55.09 ± 2.53 m | 1.055 ± 0.029 m | 201.9 ± 15.6 i | 16.02 ± 0.62 i | 54.26 ± 2.10 i | 1.033 ± 0.018 cdef |
Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz | 286.2 ± 20.8 hi | 19.08 ± 0.69 hij | 65.17 ± 2.49 hi | 1.297 ± 0.056 d | 225.4 ± 16.6 h | 16.93 ± 0.62 h | 56.86 ± 2.02 h | 1.037 ± 0.018 bcdef |
Mean ± SD | 308.0 ± 92.0 | 19.58 ± 2.98 | 66.68 ± 10.38 | 1.205 ± 0.140 | 260.5 ± 71.9 | 18.03 ± 2.59 | 60.73 ± 8.60 | 1.036 ± 0.022 |
Min-max | 119.8–619.4 | 12.35–28.08 | 41.41–98.43 | 1.008–1.782 | 106.9–518.4 | 11.67–25.69 | 39.2–85.49 | 1.000–1.216 |
Varieties | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Geometric Mean Diameter (mm) | Sphericity (%) | Surface Area (cm2) | Volume (cm3) | Circularity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amasya beyazı | 22.67 ± 0.92 de* | 21.17 ± 0.96 b | 21.46 ± 0.93 b | 21.75±0.84 c | 96.0 ± 2.0 a | 14.89 ± 1.16 c | 5.413 ± 0.638 c | 0.858 ± 0.020 bcd |
Antep karası | 31.94 ± 1.69 a | 20.56 ± 1.22 c | 21.52 ± 1.42 b | 24.17 ± 1.20 a | 75.7 ± 3.1 i | 18.39 ± 1.82 a | 7.443 ± 1.104 a | 0.813 ± 0.017 h |
Bahçeli karası | 14.54 ± 0.77 l | 13.22 ± 0.67 k | 13.20 ± 0.72 k | 13.64 ± 0.67 m | 93.8 ± 1.9 b | 5.86 ± 0.58 l | 1.338 ± 0.202 l | 0.874 ± 0.012 a |
Çavuş | 22.14 ± 1.17 ef | 20.10 ± 1.24 d | 20.11 ± 1.47 d | 20.76 ± 1.22 e | 93.7 ± 2.4 b | 13.58 ± 1.60 e | 4.731 ± 0.844 e | 0.851 ± 0.020 def |
Cevşen | 20.54 ± 0.69 hi | 18.78 ± 0.56 f | 18.93 ± 0.72 fg | 19.40 ± 0.53 fg | 94.5 ± 2.2 b | 11.83 ± 0.64 fg | 3.828 ± 0.311 fg | 0.859 ± 0.016 bcd |
Crimson | 20.73 ± 1.27 h | 17.02 ± 0.84 hi | 17.16 ± 0.92 i | 18.22 ± 0.90 hij | 88.0 ± 2.4 e | 10.45 ± 1.04 hi | 3.189 ± 0.479 hi | 0.856 ± 0.013 cde |
Dimrit | 19.06 ± 0.74 j | 17.34 ± 0.72 hi | 17.28 ± 0.69 i | 17.87 ± 0.61 j | 93.8 ± 2.1 b | 10.04 ± 0.68 i | 2.997 ± 0.307 i | 0.858 ± 0.014 bcd |
Erenköy beyazı | 20.03 ± 0.72 i | 18.75 ± 0.71 f | 18.93 ± 0.75 fg | 19.23 ± 0.67 g | 96.0 ± 1.5 a | 11.63 ± 0.82 g | 3.736 ± 0.396 g | 0.851 ± 0.016 def |
Hafizali | 26.36 ± 1.47 b | 20.53 ± 0.95 c | 20.92 ± 1.00 c | 22.45 ± 1.00 b | 85.3 ± 2.4 f | 15.86 ± 1.41 b | 5.957 ± 0.790 b | 0.849 ± 0.015 ef |
Karaşabi | 22.68 ± 1.22 de | 18.23 ± 0.87 g | 18.59 ± 0.99 gh | 19.73 ± 0.88 f | 87.1 ± 2.7 e | 12.25 ± 1.08 f | 4.043 ± 0.530 f | 0.863 ± 0.011 bc |
Kırmızı | 21.42 ± 1.17 g | 16.79 ± 0.77 i | 17.03 ± 0.84 i | 18.29 ± 0.81 hi | 85.5 ± 2.5 f | 10.53 ± 0.95 hi | 3.224 ± 0.447 hi | 0.855 ± 0.013 cde |
İzabella | 20.13 ± 1.14 i | 16.82 ± 1.03 i | 17.12 ± 1.09 i | 17.96 ± 0.99 ij | 89.3 ± 2.7 d | 10.16 ± 1.13 hi | 3.059 ± 0.518 hi | 0.859 ± 0.017 bcd |
Morşabi | 23.08 ± 1.18 d | 18.24 ± 0.9 g | 18.35 ± 0.97 h | 19.76 ± 0.90 f | 85.7 ± 2.4 f | 12.29 ± 1.12 f | 4.065 ± 0.552 f | 0.852 ± 0.013 def |
Müşgüle | 22.32 ± 0.99 e | 19.49 ± 0.68 e | 19.65 ± 0.74 e | 20.44 ± 0.66 e | 91.6 ± 2.3 c | 13.14 ± 0.85 e | 4.485 ± 0.440 e | 0.852 ± 0.019 def |
Nuniya | 19.13 ± 1.07 j | 16.24 ± 1.00 j | 16.37 ± 0.95 j | 17.19 ± 0.90 k | 89.9 ± 2.5 d | 9.31 ± 0.97 j | 2.681 ± 0.418 j | 0.864 ± 0.010 b |
Royal | 24.10 ± 1.37 c | 21.99 ± 1.30 a | 21.99 ± 1.34 a | 22.66 ± 1.19 b | 94.1 ± 2.8 b | 16.18 ± 1.72 b | 6.145 ± 0.991 b | 0.872 ± 0.012 a |
Sultani çekirdeksiz | 16.37 ± 0.75 k | 12.36 ± 0.45 l | 12.53 ± 0.54 l | 13.63 ± 0.42 m | 83.4 ± 3.0 g | 5.84 ± 0.36 l | 1.330 ± 0.125 l | 0.836 ± 0.020 g |
Yalova incisi | 26.69 ± 1.76 b | 18.90 ± 1.31 f | 19.20 ± 1.41 f | 21.31 ± 1.35 d | 79.9 ± 2.9 h | 14.32 ± 1.84 d | 5.125 ± 0.994 d | 0.833 ± 0.012 g |
Yerli beyaz | 16.71 ± 0.80 k | 15.84 ± 0.67 j | 16.12 ± 0.70 j | 16.22 ± 0.67 l | 97.1 ± 1.5 a | 8.27 ± 0.69 k | 2.244 ± 0.278 k | 0.833 ± 0.028 g |
Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz | 21.72 ± 1.04 fg | 16.75 ± 0.64 i | 17.24 ± 0.72 i | 18.44 ± 0.67 h | 85.0 ± 2.5 f | 10.69 ± 0.78 h | 3.294 ± 0.36 h | 0.846 ± 0.012 f |
Mean ± SD | 21.62 ± 3.96 | 17.96 ± 2.57 | 18.19 ± 2.65 | 19.16 ± 2.82 | 89.3 ± 6.2 | 11.78 ± 3.36 | 3.916 ± 1.644 | 0.852 ± 0.021 |
Min-max | 12.53–35.78 | 11.49–25.54 | 11.53–25.91 | 12.37–26.44 | 71.1–99.5 | 4.81–21.96 | 0.992–9.676 | 0.769–0.890 |
Variables | PC1 | PC2 |
---|---|---|
Thickness | 0.999 | −0.006 |
Feret diameter at vertical orientation. | 0.998 | −0.039 |
Perimeter at vertical orientation. | 0.998 | −0.036 |
Projected area at vertical orientation. | 0.997 | −0.032 |
Width | 0.996 | −0.069 |
Geometric mean diameter | 0.976 | 0.212 |
Surface area | 0.968 | 0.247 |
Volume | 0.951 | 0.280 |
Feret diameter at horizontal orientation. | 0.940 | 0.337 |
Perimeter at horizontal orientation. | 0.927 | 0.372 |
Projected area at horizontal orientation. | 0.923 | 0.380 |
Length | 0.811 | 0.583 |
Aspect ratio at horizontal orientation. | 0.075 | 0.996 |
Sphericity | −0.029 | −0.996 |
Eigenvalues | 11.028 | 2.914 |
% of variance | 78.773 | 20.812 |
Cumulative (%) | 78.773 | 99.585 |
A. Canonical Discriminant Functions (35.9% of Original Grouped Cases Correctly Classified) (Computed in SPSS ver. 20) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functions | Eigenvalue | % of Variance | Cumulative % | Canonical Correlation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 5.461 | 81.5 | 81.5 | 0.919 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 1.241 | 18.5 | 100.0 | 0.744 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
B. MANOVA Results (Computed in PAST ver. 4.05) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistics | Value | Hypothesis df | Error df | F Value | p (Sigma) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wilks’ lambda | 0.06904 | 38 | 1558 | 115.00 | 0.000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pillai trace | 1.399 | 38 | 1560 | 95.59 | 0.000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
C. Hotelling’s Pair-Wise Comparisons. (Bonferroni Corrected p Values in Upper Triangle; Mahalonabis Distances in Lower Triangle) (Computed in PAST ver. 4.05) * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cultivars | Amasya beyazı | Antep karası | Bahçeli karası | Cevşen | Crimson | Çavuş | Dimrit | Erenköy beyazı | Hafızali | İzabella | Karaşabi | Kırmızı | Morşabi | Müşgüle | Nuniye | Royal | Sultani çekirdeksiz | Yalova incisi | Yerli beyaz | Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz | |||||||||
Amasya beyazı | 1.6E−48b * | 1.8E+00 | 9.9E−04 | 2.8E−19 | 2.7E−01 | 4.4E−02 | 3.3E−08 | 1.7E−30 | 5.9E−18 | 3.1E−25 | 1.3E−27 | 2.8E−26 | 3.3E−09 | 5.8E−14 | 7.4E−02 | 1.7E−32 | 6.3E−39 | 2.5E−13 | 1.4E−29 | ||||||||||
Antep karası | 73.99 | 8.7E−46 | 2.1E−45 | 4.4E−37 | 1.5E−46 | 3.1E−45 | 1.8E−47 | 5.0E−25 | 1.0E−35 | 4.4E−30 | 1.0E−34 | 4.8E−32 | 6.5E−41 | 4.0E−40 | 1.8E−45 | 2.7E−32 | 1.0E−20 | 1.7E−48 | 8.9E−32 | ||||||||||
Bahçeli karası | 0.50 | 62.27 | 2.2E−01 | 2.7E−14 | 2.8E+00 | 2.1E+01 | 6.4E−08 | 4.9E−26 | 3.3E−12 | 3.6E−20 | 1.1E−23 | 1.0E−21 | 1.5E−03 | 5.5E−09 | 1.7E+01 | 5.7E−29 | 1.5E−35 | 2.0E−13 | 1.4E−25 | ||||||||||
Cevşen | 1.45 | 60.75 | 0.75 | 6.6E−18 | 2.3E−06 | 4.1E+01 | 7.3E−02 | 5.6E−25 | 1.7E−11 | 2.1E−19 | 5.4E−27 | 4.3E−24 | 2.0E−03 | 1.1E−13 | 5.2E+01 | 1.0E−31 | 9.5E−37 | 9.5E−07 | 3.2E−28 | ||||||||||
Crimson | 9.65 | 35.42 | 6.16 | 8.59 | 2.7E−13 | 1.3E−15 | 1.3E−24 | 1.0E−15 | 4.1E−07 | 6.3E−10 | 3.3E−04 | 2.3E−02 | 4.5E−09 | 2.3E+00 | 3.9E−16 | 1.4E−10 | 1.9E−20 | 1.5E−28 | 4.4E−06 | ||||||||||
Çavuş | 0.72 | 65.38 | 0.45 | 2.36 | 5.58 | 2.4E−03 | 2.9E−13 | 6.3E−28 | 6.3E−15 | 3.0E−22 | 3.9E−22 | 3.0E−21 | 6.3E−07 | 1.6E−07 | 1.7E−03 | 1.2E−27 | 2.3E−35 | 1.7E−18 | 1.4E−24 | ||||||||||
Dimrit | 0.95 | 60.10 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 6.98 | 1.33 | 1.4E−04 | 8.4E−25 | 7.9E−11 | 5.8E−19 | 5.1E−25 | 2.1E−22 | 2.3E−02 | 6.9E−11 | 1.8E+02 | 4.9E−30 | 9.2E−36 | 6.0E−10 | 1.6E−26 | ||||||||||
Erenköy beyazı | 3.09 | 69.28 | 2.97 | 0.88 | 14.76 | 5.56 | 1.72 | 1.3E−28 | 3.0E−17 | 5.3E−24 | 1.5E−32 | 1.0E−29 | 2.5E−10 | 4.8E−21 | 3.5E−04 | 1.3E−36 | 1.5E−40 | 3.4E+00 | 1.9E−33 | ||||||||||
Hafızali | 22.61 | 15.22 | 16.40 | 15.16 | 7.05 | 18.84 | 14.96 | 19.77 | 1.0E−08 | 3.4E−01 | 1.5E−18 | 9.4E−12 | 1.6E−17 | 3.7E−19 | 3.3E−25 | 4.5E−20 | 6.6E−17 | 1.3E−30 | 8.5E−16 | ||||||||||
İzabella | 8.63 | 32.32 | 4.98 | 4.61 | 2.65 | 6.55 | 4.28 | 8.11 | 3.31 | 2.9E−02 | 6.0E−16 | 4.6E−10 | 1.0E−02 | 1.7E−07 | 2.4E−11 | 1.1E−20 | 1.4E−24 | 7.8E−21 | 9.6E−16 | ||||||||||
Karaşabi | 15.46 | 21.96 | 10.40 | 9.75 | 3.85 | 12.29 | 9.40 | 14.08 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 2.9E−15 | 3.1E−08 | 8.4E−11 | 7.1E−13 | 2.0E−19 | 2.0E−18 | 4.1E−19 | 1.1E−26 | 1.9E−13 | ||||||||||
Kırmızı | 18.41 | 30.22 | 13.75 | 17.61 | 1.60 | 12.18 | 15.21 | 26.08 | 9.07 | 7.21 | 6.76 | 2.9E−01 | 2.4E−19 | 4.7E−09 | 1.8E−25 | 5.0E−01 | 1.4E−13 | 9.0E−36 | 1.4E+01 | ||||||||||
Morşabi | 16.71 | 25.20 | 11.79 | 14.18 | 1.03 | 11.35 | 12.44 | 21.41 | 4.74 | 3.91 | 3.10 | 0.72 | 2.0E−15 | 9.9E−08 | 7.0E−23 | 1.3E−04 | 2.3E−12 | 6.3E−33 | 2.5E+00 | ||||||||||
Müşgüle | 3.52 | 45.55 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 3.46 | 2.58 | 1.03 | 4.04 | 8.30 | 1.14 | 4.26 | 9.72 | 6.87 | 6.8E−06 | 8.3E−03 | 1.1E−24 | 2.7E−30 | 4.2E−15 | 2.0E−20 | ||||||||||
Nuniye | 5.96 | 43.27 | 3.43 | 5.79 | 0.47 | 2.81 | 4.31 | 11.17 | 9.56 | 2.80 | 5.34 | 3.45 | 2.90 | 2.19 | 2.0E−11 | 9.6E−16 | 2.4E−25 | 1.8E−25 | 1.2E−11 | ||||||||||
Royal | 0.88 | 61.05 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 7.33 | 1.37 | 0.00 | 1.60 | 15.42 | 4.54 | 9.78 | 15.73 | 12.92 | 1.16 | 4.57 | 1.9E−30 | 4.1E−36 | 1.5E−09 | 5.9E−27 | ||||||||||
Sultani çekirdeksiz | 25.97 | 25.61 | 20.30 | 24.62 | 4.16 | 18.46 | 21.90 | 34.32 | 10.32 | 10.85 | 8.98 | 0.65 | 1.74 | 14.85 | 7.07 | 22.52 | 1.3E−08 | 1.9E−39 | 4.2E+00 | ||||||||||
Yalova incisi | 40.00 | 10.88 | 31.97 | 34.64 | 10.64 | 31.57 | 32.43 | 44.52 | 7.86 | 14.72 | 9.53 | 5.75 | 5.06 | 22.31 | 15.60 | 33.21 | 3.26 | 1.1E−42 | 2.1E−09 | ||||||||||
Yerli beyaz | 5.59 | 73.92 | 5.66 | 2.51 | 19.68 | 9.04 | 3.86 | 0.43 | 22.82 | 10.98 | 17.21 | 32.46 | 26.77 | 6.66 | 15.73 | 3.67 | 41.37 | 51.10 | 1.9E−36 | ||||||||||
Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz | 21.21 | 24.72 | 15.88 | 19.24 | 2.26 | 14.73 | 17.00 | 27.74 | 7.11 | 7.07 | 5.67 | 0.28 | 0.46 | 10.62 | 4.70 | 17.55 | 0.41 | 3.61 | 33.97 |
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Kupe, M.; Sayıncı, B.; Demir, B.; Ercisli, S.; Baron, M.; Sochor, J. Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors. Plants 2021, 10, 1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071350
Kupe M, Sayıncı B, Demir B, Ercisli S, Baron M, Sochor J. Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors. Plants. 2021; 10(7):1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071350
Chicago/Turabian StyleKupe, Muhammed, Bahadır Sayıncı, Bunyamin Demir, Sezai Ercisli, Mojmir Baron, and Jiri Sochor. 2021. "Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors" Plants 10, no. 7: 1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071350