Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

Khalil, Hany Ezzat; Alqahtani, Nashi K.; Darrag, Hossam M.; Ibrahim, Hairul-Islam Mohamed; Emeka, Promise M.; Badger-Emeka, Lorina I.; Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Shehata, Tamer M.; Elsewedy, Heba S.

doi:10.3390/plants10040735

Open AccessArticle

Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

by

Hany Ezzat Khalil

^1,2,*

,

Nashi K. Alqahtani

³,

Hossam M. Darrag

^4,5

,

Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim

⁶

,

Promise M. Emeka

¹

,

Lorina I. Badger-Emeka

⁷

,

Katsuyoshi Matsunami

⁸

,

Tamer M. Shehata

^1,9

and

Heba S. Elsewedy

¹

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

²

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt

³

Department of Food Science and technology, College of Agriculture, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Research and Training Station, King Faisal University King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby 21545, Egypt

⁶

Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

⁷

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

⁸

Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

⁹

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Plants 2021, 10(4), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040735

Submission received: 19 March 2021 / Revised: 4 April 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 9 April 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnological or Innovative Formulation Approaches for Efficient Delivery of Plant Ingredients)

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Abstract

Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is reputed to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer properties. To utilize the great fortune of this fruit, the current study aimed to maximize its pharmacological activity. Date palm extract (DPE) of Khalas cultivar was obtained in powder form and then was formulated into nanoemulsion (NE). The optimized DPE-NE was formulated along with its naked counterpart followed by studying their physical and chemical properties. A qualitative assessment of total serum protein associated with the surface of formulations was implemented. Studies for the in vitro release of DPE from developed NE before and after incubation with serum were investigated. Eventually, an MTT assay was conducted. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.89 ± 0.013 mg GAE/g of dry DPE and 9.90 ± 0.03 mg QE/g of dry DPE, respectively. Homogenous NE formulations were attained with appropriate particle size and viscosity that could be administered intravenously. The optimized PEGylated NE exhibited a proper particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. Total serum protein adsorbed on PEG-NE surface was significantly low. The release of the drug through in vitro study was effectively extended for 24 h. Ultimately; PEGylated NE of DPE attained significant inhibition for cancer cell viability with IC₅₀ values of 18.6 ± 2.4 and 13.5 ± 1.8 µg/mL for MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. PEGylated NE of DPE of Khalas cultivar will open the gate for future adjuvants for cancer therapy.

Keywords: phoenix dactylifera; nanoemulsion; date palm extract; optimization; cytotoxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khalil, H.E.; Alqahtani, N.K.; Darrag, H.M.; Ibrahim, H.-I.M.; Emeka, P.M.; Badger-Emeka, L.I.; Matsunami, K.; Shehata, T.M.; Elsewedy, H.S. Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Plants 2021, 10, 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040735

AMA Style

Khalil HE, Alqahtani NK, Darrag HM, Ibrahim H-IM, Emeka PM, Badger-Emeka LI, Matsunami K, Shehata TM, Elsewedy HS. Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Plants. 2021; 10(4):735. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040735

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khalil, Hany Ezzat, Nashi K. Alqahtani, Hossam M. Darrag, Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim, Promise M. Emeka, Lorina I. Badger-Emeka, Katsuyoshi Matsunami, Tamer M. Shehata, and Heba S. Elsewedy. 2021. "Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation" Plants 10, no. 4: 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040735

APA Style

Khalil, H. E., Alqahtani, N. K., Darrag, H. M., Ibrahim, H.-I. M., Emeka, P. M., Badger-Emeka, L. I., Matsunami, K., Shehata, T. M., & Elsewedy, H. S. (2021). Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Plants, 10(4), 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040735

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Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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