Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Influences Shoot Biomass, Flower Production and Nutrition of Gerbera Plants Depending on Substrate Composition and Fertigation Level
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plant Biomass Analyses
2.2. Leaf Elemental Concentrations
2.3. Fungi and Bacteria within the Substrate
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material, Treatments and Growing Conditions
4.2. Plant Sampling and Mineral Element Quantification
4.3. Quantification of Fungi and Bacteria
4.4. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | NTP | F | S | NTP × F | NTP × S | F × S | NTP × F × S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf FW | *** | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | * |
Leaf area | *** | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | ns |
Flower FW | * | *** | *** | ns | *** | ns | ns |
Flower number | ns | *** | *** | ns | * | ** | ns |
Plant DW | ns | *** | *** | * | *** | ns | *** |
Plant % DW | *** | *** | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** |
SLA | *** | *** | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** |
SPAD index | ns | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | ns |
Organic nitrogen | ns | *** | * | * | * | ** | * |
Nitrate | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | *** | ns |
Potassium | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | *** | ns |
Calcium | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | * | ns |
Magnesium | * | ns | ns | * | * | ns | ** |
Phosphorus | *** | *** | ** | ns | * | *** | ns |
Manganese | ns | ns | *** | ns | ns | ns | * |
Iron | *** | ns | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Peat | Compost | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HF | LF | HF | LF | ||||
CTR | NTP | CTR | NTP | CTR | NTP | CTR | NTP |
Fungi (CFU × 103 g−1) | |||||||
0.52 ± 0.032 | 0.40 ± 0.128 | 0.57 ± 0.131 | 0.48 ± 0.057 | 0.10 ± 0.046 | 0.06 ± 0.009 | 0.05 ± 0.029 | 0.14 ± 0.104 |
Bacteria (CFU × 103 g−1) | |||||||
7.6 ± 2.70 | 17.6 ± 4.51 | 18.9 ± 11.4 | 27.0 ± 13.4 | 32.8 ± 4.86 | 42.4 ± 13.60 | 50.8 ± 6.30 | 29.9 ± 2.70 |
ANOVA | NTP | F | S | NTP × F | NTP × S | F × S | NTP × F × S |
Fungi | ns | ns | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Bacteria | ns | ns | *** | * | ns | ns | ns |
S | F | NTP | EC (µS cm−2) | pH | P-PO4 (mmol L−1) | N-NO3 (mmol L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peat | HF | CTR | 1114 ± 78.2 | 5.6 ± 0.14 | 0.61 ± 0.016 | 3.8 ± 0.50 |
NTP | 1305 ± 101.8 | 5.6 ± 0.14 | 059 ± 0.010 | 4.2 ± 0.30 | ||
LF | CTR | 582 ± 37.5 | 6.1 ± 0.17 | 0.26 ± 0.008 | 1.4 ± 0.29 | |
NTP | 629 ± 47.6 | 5.6 ± 0.25 | 0.26 ± 0.016 | 1.2 ± 0.33 | ||
Compost | HF | CTR | 1429 ± 25.4 | 6.6 ± 0.21 | 0.61 ± 0.062 | 4.3 ± 0.54 |
NTP | 1630 ± 21.3 | 6.9 ± 0.06 | 0.58 ± 0.017 | 4.5 ± 0.64 | ||
LF | CTR | 833 ± 57.8 | 7.4 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.018 | 0.8 ± 0.11 | |
NTP | 752 ± 68.6 | 7.0 ± 0.44 | 0.25 ± 0.012 | 0.8 ± 0.11 |
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Cannazzaro, S.; Traversari, S.; Cacini, S.; Di Lonardo, S.; Pane, C.; Burchi, G.; Massa, D. Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Influences Shoot Biomass, Flower Production and Nutrition of Gerbera Plants Depending on Substrate Composition and Fertigation Level. Plants 2021, 10, 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040689
Cannazzaro S, Traversari S, Cacini S, Di Lonardo S, Pane C, Burchi G, Massa D. Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Influences Shoot Biomass, Flower Production and Nutrition of Gerbera Plants Depending on Substrate Composition and Fertigation Level. Plants. 2021; 10(4):689. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040689
Chicago/Turabian StyleCannazzaro, Samantha, Silvia Traversari, Sonia Cacini, Sara Di Lonardo, Catello Pane, Gianluca Burchi, and Daniele Massa. 2021. "Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Influences Shoot Biomass, Flower Production and Nutrition of Gerbera Plants Depending on Substrate Composition and Fertigation Level" Plants 10, no. 4: 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040689