Effect of Manure and Compost on the Phytostabilization Potential of Heavy Metals by the Halophytic Plant Wavy-Leaved Saltbush
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Soil Characterization
2.2. Pot Experiments
2.3. Characterization of Compost and Manure
2.4. Plant Analysis
2.5. Bioconcentration and Translocation Factors
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Cultivation and Organic Fertilization on the Characteristics of Polluted Soil
3.2. Effect of Compost and Manure on the Growth of Wavy-Leaved Saltbush Plants
3.3. Effect of Compost and Manure on Photosynthesis Pigments and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Proline Content
3.4. Cd and Pb Uptake and Translocation as Affected by Compost and Manure
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Properties | Value |
---|---|
Texture | Sandy loam |
CaCO3 (g kg−1) | 60 |
CEC (cmol kg−1) | 15 |
pH (1:2) | 8.09 |
EC (1:2) (dS m−1) | 2.11 |
Organic carbon (g kg−1) | 3.50 |
Total nitrogen (mg kg−1) | 190 |
Total Zn (mg kg−1) | 800 |
Available Zn (mg kg−1) | 8.2 |
Total Cu (mg kg−1) | 300 |
Available Cu (mg kg−1) | 2.5 |
Total Pb (mg kg−1) | 850 |
Available Pb (mg kg−1) | 7.0 |
Total Cu (mg kg−1) | 300 |
Available Cu (mg kg−1) | 2.5 |
Organic Carbon (g kg−1) | Total Nitrogen (g kg−1) | pH 1:10 | EC (dS m−1) | Zn (mg kg−1) | Cu (mg kg−1) | Pb (mg kg−1) | Cd (mg kg−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compost | 400 | 22 | 8.02 | 4.5 | 160 | 40 | - | 0.33 |
Manure | 320 | 18 | 7.82 | 6.5 | 155 | 35 | - | 0.42 |
Soil Treatment | Amendments | EC (dS m−1) | pH (1:2) | SOC (g kg−1) | CEC (cmol kg−1) | Zn (mg kg−1) | Cu (mg kg−1) | Cd (mg kg−1) | Pb (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-cultivatedSoil | Control | 2.20 ± 0.11 b | 7.90 ± 0.26 a | 3.5 ± 0.28 b | 16 ± 1.5 b | 8.00 ± 0.32 b | 2.48 ± 0.18 b | 3.40 ± 0.15 b | 7.00 ± 0.28 b |
Compost | 3.00 ± 0.16 a | 7.78 ± 0.25 ab | 5.5 ± 0.26 a | 17 ± 1.8 ab | 6.52 ± 0.18 d | 2.28 ± 0.14 c | 3.00 ± 0.13 c | 6.10 ± 0.24 c | |
Manure | 3.20 ± 0.15 a | 7.58 ± 0.26 b | 5.7 ± 0.25 a | 17 ± 1.7 ab | 8.63 ± 0.33 a | 2.86 ± 0.16 a | 4.00 ± 0.12 a | 8.00 ± 0.25 a | |
Cultivated Soil | Control | 2.30 ± 0.14 b | 7.88 ± 0.27 a | 3.8 ± 0.24 b | 16 ± 1.3 b | 6.54 ± 0.25 d | 2.00 ± 0.14 d | 2.55 ± 0.15 e | 4.70 ± 0.29 e |
Compost | 3.10 ± 0.18 a | 7.75 ± 0.24 ab | 5.8 ± 0.33 a | 18 ± 1.5 a | 5.86 ± 0.32 e | 1.76 ± 0.15 e | 1.96 ± 0.18 f | 4.00 ± 0.27 f | |
Manure | 3.00 ± 0.11 a | 7.52 ± 0.22 b | 5.6 ± 0.42 a | 18 ± 1.4 a | 7.04 ± 0.19 c | 1.80 ± 0.11 e | 2.75 ± 0.17 d | 5.00 ± 0.26 d | |
p | 0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Treatments | Plant Length (cm) | Roots Dry Weight (g pot−1) | Shoots Dry Weight (g pot−1) | Leaves Number/Plant | Leaf Area/Plant (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 130 ± 5.50 c | 30 ± 1.55 c | 100 ± 5.40 c | 50 ± 2.22 c | 100 ± 5.28 c |
Compost | 180 ± 5.10 a | 45 ± 1.33 a | 138 ± 6.44 a | 80 ± 3.33 a | 150 ± 5.11 a |
Manure | 165 ± 6.60 b | 40 ± 1.66 b | 125 ± 6.12 b | 75 ± 3.44 b | 138 ± 5.55 b |
p | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.002 |
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Li, J.; Chang, Y.; AL-Huqail, A.A.; Ding, Z.; Al-Harbi, M.S.; Ali, E.F.; Abeed, A.H.A.; Rekaby, S.A.; Eissa, M.A.; Ghoneim, A.M.; et al. Effect of Manure and Compost on the Phytostabilization Potential of Heavy Metals by the Halophytic Plant Wavy-Leaved Saltbush. Plants 2021, 10, 2176. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102176
Li J, Chang Y, AL-Huqail AA, Ding Z, Al-Harbi MS, Ali EF, Abeed AHA, Rekaby SA, Eissa MA, Ghoneim AM, et al. Effect of Manure and Compost on the Phytostabilization Potential of Heavy Metals by the Halophytic Plant Wavy-Leaved Saltbush. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2176. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102176
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jianjian, Yajun Chang, Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, Zheli Ding, Mohammad S. Al-Harbi, Esmat F. Ali, Amany H. A. Abeed, Saudi A. Rekaby, Mamdouh A. Eissa, Adel M. Ghoneim, and et al. 2021. "Effect of Manure and Compost on the Phytostabilization Potential of Heavy Metals by the Halophytic Plant Wavy-Leaved Saltbush" Plants 10, no. 10: 2176. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102176